Who among the following has developed the concept of Hierarchy of Needs?

AIIMS Raipur lecturer 2021

Applied Psychology

Easy

Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur lecturer 2021

Explanation

Abraham Maslow, a prominent humanistic psychologist, introduced the 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory.
The theory posits that human motivation is driven by the fulfillment of a series of needs arranged in a specific order, from the most basic to the most complex.
The five levels in the hierarchy are Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization.
According to the theory, lower-level needs must be at least partially satisfied before an individual can be motivated by higher-level needs.

Option B: Elton Mayo's work focused on the social aspects of the workplace and employee morale, not a hierarchical model of individual needs.
Option C: Kurt Lewin's contributions are in the fields of social psychology, group dynamics (Field Theory), and change management.
Option D: Luther Gulick focused on the principles of public administration and executive functions.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Management Theories: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses use Maslow's hierarchy as a foundational tool for prioritizing patient care. Critical physiological needs (e.g., Airway, Breathing, Circulation) must always be addressed before higher-level needs like patient education or emotional support.
The framework promotes holistic nursing care by ensuring that practitioners consider all aspects of a patient's well-being, including physical, safety, social, and emotional needs, leading to a more comprehensive care plan.
What if? If a patient is physiologically stable but expresses extreme fear and anxiety about their recent diagnosis, the nurse's priority shifts from the already-met physiological needs to the next level: safety and security needs. This would involve providing reassurance, clear information, and creating a secure and calm environment.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of foundational management and psychological theories relevant to nursing.
First, identify the key concept in the question stem, which is the 'Hierarchy of Needs'.
Next, systematically review the options provided and try to recall the main contribution of each theorist.
Directly associate 'Hierarchy of Needs' with Abraham Maslow. This is a very common and fundamental theory.
To confirm your answer, mentally eliminate the other options by recalling their primary theories: Elton Mayo (Hawthorne Studies), Kurt Lewin (Change Theory), and Luther Gulick (POSDCORB).
Select the option that correctly matches the theorist to the concept.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Kaplan Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry-2022 (pp 1-3768 of 3768) p. 3405-3407

E6 Principles and Practice of NURSING Management Leadership for BSc Nursing 3rd Edi Jogindra Vati — Subpart A (pp 26-339 of 1017) p. 76-78

E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e p. 208-210