AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019
Applied Microbiology & Infection control
Easy
Which of the following does NOT contribute to the functions of innate immunity?
Appeared in: AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019
Explanation
- Lymphocytes, which include B-cells and T-cells, are the primary cellular components of the adaptive (or acquired) immune system.
- Adaptive immunity is characterized by specificity (targeting a particular pathogen) and memory (a faster response to a second infection), which are functions mediated by lymphocytes.
- Unlike the components of innate immunity, lymphocytes need to be activated by antigen presentation to mount a response, which is a slower but highly specific process.
- Therefore, lymphocytes do not contribute to the immediate, non-specific functions of innate immunity.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: The epithelial layer of the body surface (skin) is a fundamental physical barrier and the first line of defense in the innate immune system, preventing pathogen entry.
- Option C: Granulocytes (such as neutrophils) are a type of phagocytic white blood cell that form a crucial cellular component of the innate immune system, responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.
- Option D: Mucus, secreted by the epithelium of the respiratory and other tracts, is a key part of the innate mucosal barrier. It traps microbes, preventing them from reaching the cells underneath.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Distinguishing between components of innate and adaptive immunity as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Understanding the difference between innate and adaptive immunity is crucial for nurses to comprehend how infections occur and how vaccines work.
- A breach in the innate barriers, such as a cut in the skin or damage to the respiratory mucosa from smoking, significantly increases a patient's susceptibility to infection.
- Nurses play a key role in maintaining these innate barriers through actions like proper skin care, wound management, and encouraging pulmonary hygiene.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the keyword 'NOT' in the question. This indicates you are looking for the option that is an exception or does not fit with the others.
- Next, identify the core concept: 'innate immunity'.
- Recall the main components of the innate immune system: physical barriers (skin, mucus), cellular components (phagocytes like granulocytes), and chemical components (defensins, lysozyme).
- Evaluate each option against your knowledge of innate immunity.
- Option A (Epithelial layer), C (Granulocytes), and D (Mucus) are all classic examples of innate immunity.
- Option B (Lymphocytes) are the primary cells of adaptive immunity. Since it's the only option not part of the innate system, it is the correct answer.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Distinguishing between components of innate and adaptive immunity.
- Stem keywords: innate immunity, functions
- Lead-in keywords: NOT
- Negative lead-in flag: The question asks for the option that does NOT belong, requiring elimination of the correct components of innate immunity.
Question ID
Q1yyTfbM3V43qsdmgH5Rz0
Reference Book
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 683-685
E6 Microbiology Essentials Sastry 4e Part 1 p. 137-139
E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 79-81
Practise the full AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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