Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Applied Microbiology & Infection control
Easy
For which of the following there is no vaccine available?
Appeared in: Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Explanation
- Despite decades of global research and numerous clinical trials, there is currently no licensed vaccine to prevent HIV infection.
- The primary challenges in developing an HIV vaccine include the virus's rapid genetic mutation, its ability to hide in the body's own immune cells, and the difficulty in stimulating a broadly effective immune response.
- Prevention of HIV currently focuses on other biomedical interventions like Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP), and public health measures such as promoting safe sex and avoiding shared needles.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: A highly effective vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) exists and is a standard part of childhood immunization schedules worldwide.
- Option C: Vaccines for polio are available and have been a cornerstone of global public health for decades, leading to the near-eradication of the disease.
- Option D: This option is incorrect because there is one disease in the list (HIV) for which no vaccine is available.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Vaccine availability for infectious diseases as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Nurses play a crucial role in patient education regarding immunizations. It is vital to know which diseases are vaccine-preventable and which require other prevention strategies.
- In the absence of an HIV vaccine, nurses must educate patients and communities about primary prevention methods, including safe sex practices, harm reduction for intravenous drug users, and the use of PrEP and PEP.
- What if the question included Hepatitis C? Like HIV, there is currently no vaccine for Hepatitis C. In that scenario, if both were options, the question would be flawed. This highlights the importance of knowing the status of major infectious diseases.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core of the question, which is to find the disease from the list that is NOT vaccine-preventable. Note the negative word 'no'.
- Review each option and access your knowledge of common immunizations.
- Consider Option A (Hib): Recall that the Hib vaccine is a routine part of the pediatric immunization schedule to prevent meningitis. So, a vaccine exists.
- Consider Option C (Polio): Recall that the polio vaccine is one of the most famous public health successes. So, a vaccine exists.
- Consider Option B (HIV): Recall that the search for an HIV vaccine is a major, ongoing global health challenge, and as of now, one does not exist for public use.
- Based on this analysis, HIV is the only disease in the list without an available vaccine. Therefore, it is the correct answer.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Vaccine availability for infectious diseases.
- Stem keywords: vaccine, available
- Lead-in keywords: no
- Negative lead-in flag: The question asks for which disease a vaccine is NOT available.
Question ID
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Reference Book
E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 199-201
E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 1590-1592
E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 1304-1306
Practise the full Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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