AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-1)
Applied Microbiology & Infection control
Easy
A type of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a portion of population provides protection to unprotected individuals is:
Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-1)
Explanation
- Herd immunity (or community immunity) is the indirect protection from an infectious disease that happens when a population is immune either through vaccination or immunity developed from previous infection.
- It works by reducing the number of susceptible hosts, which disrupts the chain of transmission for a contagious disease.
- This concept is crucial for protecting vulnerable individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants, pregnant women, or those with compromised immune systems.
- The provided image perfectly illustrates this: as the number of immunized individuals (yellow) increases, they form a protective barrier around the unimmunized (blue), preventing the spread from the sick (red).
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Passive immunity involves receiving pre-made antibodies, not the population-level protection described. It provides immediate but temporary protection to an individual.
- Option B: Contact immunity is a less common term, sometimes used to describe the immunity conferred to unvaccinated contacts by an individual who received a live attenuated vaccine (like oral polio vaccine) and sheds the virus. The question describes a broader, population-wide protection, which is herd immunity.
- Option D: Active immunity is the development of antibodies by an individual's own immune system in response to an infection or vaccination. The question describes the protection of unprotected individuals by the immunity of others in the population.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Types of Immunity and Herd Immunity as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Understanding herd immunity is critical for nurses in public health and community settings, especially for patient education on the importance of vaccination.
- Nurses play a key role in dispelling misinformation about vaccines and explaining that vaccination is not just a personal choice but a community responsibility to protect the vulnerable.
- The herd immunity threshold (the percentage of the population that needs to be immune to stop disease spread) varies by disease. For a highly contagious disease like measles, the threshold is about 95%.
How to Approach the Question
- First, read the question carefully to identify the key concept: a type of immunity that protects unprotected individuals through the vaccination of others in the population.
- Analyze the keywords: 'vaccination,' 'portion of population,' and 'protection to unprotected individuals.' These point towards a community-level effect, not an individual one.
- Examine the provided image. Notice how in the bottom panel, the yellow (immunized) individuals create a barrier that protects the blue (unimmunized) individuals from the red (sick) ones. This is a visual representation of the concept.
- Recall the definitions of the different types of immunity in the options.
- Active Immunity: Your body makes antibodies. Passive Immunity: You are given antibodies. Herd Immunity: The community's immunity protects you.
- Match the definition from the question and the visual from the image to the correct term. The scenario clearly describes herd immunity.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Types of Immunity and Herd Immunity
- Stem keywords: immunity, vaccination, population, protection, unprotected individuals
- Lead-in keywords: A type of immunity
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QEil5Qh-kdYir5EsDCfOy4
Reference Book
E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) p. 95-97
Practise the full AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-1)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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