What does the cardiotocograph record?

Appeared in: CIP Ranchi 2023

Explanation

A cardiotocograph (CTG) is an electronic fetal monitor used during pregnancy and labor.
Its primary purpose is to simultaneously record the fetal heart rate (the 'cardio' part) and the mother's uterine contractions (the 'toco' part).
The recording, or graph ('graph' part), allows healthcare providers to assess fetal well-being by analyzing the heart rate pattern in relation to contractions.
This monitoring is crucial for detecting early signs of fetal distress or hypoxia (lack of oxygen).

Option A: A CTG cannot detect genetic defects. It only monitors physiological parameters like heart rate.
Option C: The amount of amniotic fluid is not measured by a CTG.
Option D: A CTG does not measure hydration levels of the mother or fetus.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Function of Cardiotocography (CTG) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses are responsible for applying the CTG monitor correctly, ensuring a clear tracing, and performing initial interpretation of the FHR pattern.
Recognizing non-reassuring patterns (like late decelerations or loss of variability) is a critical nursing skill that requires prompt reporting to the obstetrician for timely intervention to prevent adverse fetal outcomes.
Patient education is key; the nurse should explain the purpose of the monitoring to the mother to reduce anxiety and gain cooperation.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the question's core subject: the function of a 'cardiotocograph'.
Break down the term: 'Cardio' relates to the heart, 'toco' relates to uterine contractions (from the Greek 'tokos' for childbirth), and 'graph' means to record or write.
This breakdown directly points to a device that records heart activity and contractions.
Evaluate the options based on this understanding. 'Fetal heart rate' directly matches the 'cardio' part of the name.
Eliminate the other options as they relate to different aspects of prenatal assessment: genetic testing, fluid volume measurement (ultrasound), and maternal hydration status (clinical assessment).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Midwifery Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Sandeep Kaur pp. 45-53, 44-52

Practise the full CIP Ranchi 2023

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.