Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Easy
Identify the device shown here:
Appeared in: Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Explanation
- The device shown is a Cardiotocograph (CTG) machine, which is explicitly labeled as a "Fetal Monitor" in the image.
- Its primary function is to continuously and simultaneously record the fetal heart rate (FHR) and maternal uterine contractions.
- The screen displays two distinct graphical tracings, which is the standard output for a CTG, allowing healthcare providers to assess fetal well-being in real-time.
- This type of monitoring is standard practice during labor and for high-risk pregnancies to detect any signs of fetal distress.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: An ECG (Electrocardiogram) monitor records the electrical activity of the heart. While it displays a waveform, it is for cardiac assessment (P-QRS-T complex) and does not measure uterine contractions.
- Option C: An ultrasound machine uses high-frequency sound waves to create images (sonograms) of internal structures. While used extensively in pregnancy to visualize the fetus, its primary function is imaging, not continuous monitoring of heart rate and contractions on a graph.
- Option D: A ventilator is a life-support machine that helps patients breathe. It is used for respiratory failure and has no function related to monitoring a fetus.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of obstetric monitoring equipment as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- CTG monitoring is a fundamental nursing skill in obstetrics. It is the primary tool for intrapartum fetal surveillance to identify potential hypoxia (oxygen deprivation).
- Nurses are responsible for correctly placing the transducers, interpreting the tracing for baseline rate, variability, accelerations, and decelerations, and identifying non-reassuring patterns.
- Early detection of fetal distress on a CTG allows for timely interventions, such as changing maternal position, administering oxygen, or notifying the obstetrician for a potential emergency delivery, thereby preventing adverse neonatal outcomes.
How to Approach the Question
- First, carefully examine the image for any identifying marks or text. The device is clearly labeled "Fetal Monitor."
- Next, analyze the information displayed on the screen. Observe the two distinct graphs, which are characteristic of fetal monitoring (heart rate and contractions).
- Consider the function of a "Fetal Monitor." Its purpose is to track the fetus's condition during pregnancy and labor.
- Evaluate the given options. A "CTG machine" (Cardiotocograph) is the medical term for an electronic fetal monitor.
- Eliminate the other options by recalling their functions: an ECG monitors the heart's electrical activity, an ultrasound creates images, and a ventilator assists with breathing. None of these match the visual evidence.
- Conclude that the device is a CTG machine based on the label, screen display, and its known function in obstetrics.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Identification of obstetric monitoring equipment.
- Stem keywords: Identify, device
- Lead-in keywords: Identify
- Clinical cues: Image of a medical device labeled 'Fetal Monitor'
- Clinical cues: Screen displaying fetal heart rate and contraction tracings
Question ID
QxPy-pZulm6fzE_IIO-l1X
Reference Book
E6 Midwifery Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Sandeep Kaur p. 45-53
E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor p. 1078-1080
Practise the full Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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