Fetal monitoring machine is used to:

Appeared in: Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)

Explanation

The correct option accurately combines the two primary functions of a fetal monitoring machine.
This device, known as a Cardiotocograph (CTG), is specifically designed to simultaneously record the fetal heartbeat and the mother's uterine contractions.
The term 'Cardio' refers to the fetal heart rate, and 'Toco' refers to uterine contractions.
Monitoring these two parameters together allows healthcare providers to assess how the fetus is responding to the stress of labor.

Option A: This option is only partially correct. While the machine does record the fetal heartbeat, this is not its only function.
Option B: Fetal monitoring machines (CTGs) do not measure the fetal respiratory rate. Fetal breathing movements are assessed using different methods, such as ultrasound.
Option C: This option is only partially correct. While the machine records uterine contractions, this is not its only function.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Function of Electronic Fetal Monitoring (Cardiotocography) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Continuous electronic fetal monitoring is a standard of care in high-risk pregnancies and during labor to assess fetal well-being and detect signs of fetal distress.
Nurses are responsible for correctly placing the monitors, interpreting the CTG tracing (including baseline FHR, variability, accelerations, and decelerations), and identifying non-reassuring patterns that require intervention.
Abnormal patterns, such as late decelerations or persistent bradycardia, can indicate fetal hypoxia and may necessitate interventions like changing the mother's position, administering oxygen, or preparing for an emergency delivery.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'Fetal monitoring machine'.
Recall the purpose of this device in a clinical setting, specifically during labor and delivery.
Recognize that this machine is also called a Cardiotocograph (CTG), which hints at its dual function: 'Cardio' for heart and 'Toco' for contractions.
Evaluate each option. Option A (heartbeat) and Option C (contractions) are both correct functions.
Option B (respiratory rate) is an incorrect function for this specific machine.
Since both A and C are correct, look for an option that includes both. Option D combines them, making it the most complete and accurate answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Midwifery Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing Sandeep Kaur pp. 45-53, 44-52

E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 54-73

Practise the full Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.