What is the most common reaction to blood transfusion?

Appeared in: NORCET 8 Prelims-2025

Explanation

Febrile Non-Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR) is documented as the most frequent adverse reaction associated with blood transfusions.
It is caused by the recipient's antibodies reacting to donor leukocytes (white blood cells) or by pro-inflammatory cytokines that accumulate in the stored blood unit.
The hallmark signs are a temperature increase of 1°C or more, chills, and rigors, typically occurring within two hours of starting the transfusion.
While it can be distressing for the patient, FNHTR is not considered a life-threatening reaction.

Option B: While allergic reactions are common, they are generally considered the second most frequent type of transfusion reaction, after FNHTR. They are caused by a sensitivity to plasma proteins.
Option C: Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction is the most severe and life-threatening reaction, but it is very rare due to strict blood compatibility testing.
Option D: Delayed haemolytic reactions occur several days to weeks after a transfusion and are less common and typically much milder than acute reactions.

Visual 1: Comparison Table - Differentiating types of blood transfusion reactions based on their onset, key symptoms, underlying cause, and frequency.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Adverse reactions to blood transfusion helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
A nurse's primary role is to monitor the patient closely during a transfusion, especially within the first 15 minutes when a severe reaction is most likely to occur.
Establishing and documenting baseline vital signs before starting the transfusion is critical for accurately identifying changes that may signal a reaction.
Prompt identification and immediate cessation of the transfusion are the most important interventions to prevent severe harm to the patient.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core of the question, which is asking for the 'most common' transfusion reaction.
This is a factual recall question. Access your knowledge about the different types of transfusion reactions: febrile non-haemolytic, allergic, haemolytic (acute and delayed), and others.
Compare the known incidence or frequency of each type of reaction.
Recall that while haemolytic reactions are the most severe, they are rare. Allergic reactions are common, but febrile non-haemolytic reactions are cited as the most frequent.
Select the option that matches this fact.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full NORCET 8 Prelims-2025

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.