The following all are blood transfusion complications from; EXCEPT:

Appeared in: AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019

Explanation

the option that is not a complication of blood transfusion.
A blood transfusion involves administering a significant volume of fluid (blood) into the patient's circulatory system.
This process increases the total blood volume and cannot cause a fluid deficit (a state of dehydration or volume depletion).
Conversely, a primary risk of transfusion is fluid overload, known as Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO), especially in vulnerable patients.
Therefore, 'Fluid deficit' is the only option that is logically impossible as a direct complication of a blood transfusion.

Option A: TRALI (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury) is a well-documented and severe complication of blood transfusion, characterized by acute respiratory distress.
Option B: Hemolytic reactions (both acute and delayed) are classic immunological complications of blood transfusions, caused by the destruction of transfused red blood cells.
Option C: Despite rigorous screening of donated blood, the transmission of infectious agents (viral, bacterial, parasitic) remains a potential, albeit rare, complication.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Complications of Blood Transfusion helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Nurses are responsible for monitoring patients for signs of transfusion reactions. Understanding the possible complications is crucial for patient safety.
Recognizing the difference between fluid overload (a real risk) and fluid deficit (an impossibility from transfusion) is a fundamental nursing concept.
During any transfusion, nurses must meticulously monitor vital signs, respiratory status, and urine output before, during (at 15 minutes and then periodically), and after the infusion to detect complications early.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core subject of the question, which is 'complications of blood transfusion'.
Next, pay close attention to the keyword 'EXCEPT'. This signals that you must find the option that is NOT a complication, meaning three of the options are true complications.
Analyze the fundamental process of a blood transfusion: it involves adding fluid volume to the body.
Evaluate each option: TRALI, hemolytic reactions, and transmission of infections are all known complications.
Consider the option 'Fluid deficit'. Since a transfusion adds fluid, it cannot cause a deficit. It can, however, cause the opposite: fluid overload. This logical contradiction makes it the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Complications of Blood Transfusion
Stem keywords: blood transfusion, complications
Lead-in keywords: EXCEPT
Negative lead-in flag: This is a negative-lead question, asking you to identify the option that does NOT fit the criteria.

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E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 949-951

Practise the full AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.