AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Medium
The following all are blood transfusion complications from; EXCEPT:
Appeared in: AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019
Explanation
- A blood transfusion involves administering fluid (blood products) into the circulatory system, which increases the total blood volume.
- Therefore, a 'fluid deficit,' which means a lack of body fluid, cannot be a complication of a blood transfusion.
- The actual volume-related complication is the opposite: 'fluid overload,' also known as Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO), especially in patients with compromised cardiac or renal function.
- Because it is the only option that is physiologically inconsistent with the procedure, 'Fluid deficit' is the correct answer.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: This is incorrect because Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) is a well-documented and severe complication of blood transfusion, characterized by acute respiratory distress.
- Option B: This is incorrect because hemolytic reactions (both acute and delayed) are classic and potentially life-threatening immunologic complications of blood transfusions, caused by the destruction of red blood cells.
- Option C: This is incorrect because, despite rigorous screening of donated blood, there remains a small but real risk of transmitting infectious agents like viruses (HIV, Hepatitis), bacteria, and parasites.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Complications of Blood Transfusion helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- Nurses are responsible for monitoring patients before, during, and after transfusions. Recognizing that fluid overload (TACO), not deficit, is a key risk is crucial for patient safety.
- Key nursing interventions include assessing the patient's fluid status, monitoring vital signs frequently (especially at the 15-minute mark), and being prepared to stop the transfusion and notify the provider at the first sign of a reaction.
- What if? If the patient had a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), the risk of TACO would be significantly higher. The nurse should anticipate orders for a slower infusion rate and potentially a pre-transfusion dose of a diuretic (e.g., furosemide) to prevent fluid overload.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core subject of the question, which is 'complications of blood transfusion'.
- Next, recognize the critical keyword 'EXCEPT'. This signals that you must find the one option that is NOT a complication, while the other three are.
- Analyze each option based on the fundamental principles of a blood transfusion. A transfusion adds volume to the body.
- Evaluate 'TRALI', 'Hemolytic reactions', and 'Transmission of infections'. Recall that these are all well-known risks.
- Evaluate 'Fluid deficit'. A deficit means a lack of fluid. Since a transfusion adds fluid, this outcome is illogical. The actual risk is the opposite: fluid overload.
- Conclude that 'Fluid deficit' is the correct exception.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Complications of Blood Transfusion
- Stem keywords: blood transfusion, complications
- Lead-in keywords: EXCEPT
- Negative lead-in flag: This is a negative-lead question, asking you to identify the option that does NOT fit the criteria.
Question ID
Q0BSJk14i_l973anLfd8rl
Reference Book
E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 674-676
E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 139-141
E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 1 p. 949-951
Practise the full AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019
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