The device used to maintain the patency of the oral airways:

Appeared in: Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)

Explanation

A Guedel airway, also known as an oropharyngeal airway (OPA), is the device specifically designed for insertion into the mouth.
Its primary function is to prevent the tongue from falling backward and obstructing the upper airway, which is a common issue in unconscious patients.
The curved shape of the Guedel airway fits over the tongue, holding it away from the posterior pharyngeal wall, thus keeping the oral airway patent.
As seen in the image, these devices come in various sizes to fit different patients, and correct sizing is crucial for effectiveness and safety.

Option B: A Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA) is inserted through the nose (naris), not the mouth. Therefore, it maintains the patency of the nasopharyngeal airway, not the oral airway.
Option C: Endotracheal intubation is a procedure, not just a device in this context. It involves placing a tube into the trachea, which is a definitive but more invasive method of securing an airway. It goes beyond just maintaining the 'oral airway'.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the Nasopharyngeal Airway and Endotracheal Intubation are not used to maintain the patency of the oral airway specifically. The question is precise in its wording.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Airway Management Adjuncts as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Correctly identifying and using airway adjuncts is a fundamental skill in emergency care. Using an oropharyngeal airway on a patient with an intact gag reflex can induce vomiting and aspiration, a major patient safety risk.
Sizing is critical. An OPA that is too large can obstruct the larynx, while one that is too small can be ineffective by not holding the tongue forward properly. The correct size is typically measured from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw.
What if? If the patient was found to have significant facial trauma and bleeding in the mouth, the Guedel airway would be contraindicated. The best immediate choice would be a Nasopharyngeal Airway to secure an airway while avoiding the injured oral cavity.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze the keywords in the question: 'device', 'maintain patency', and most importantly, 'oral airways'.
The term 'oral' specifically points to the mouth as the route of entry and action.
Evaluate each option based on this specific requirement.
Option A, Guedel Airway, is also known as an oropharyngeal airway. The name itself suggests its placement and function are related to the mouth and pharynx.
Option B, Nasopharyngeal Airway, clearly indicates it is used via the nose.
Option C, Endotracheal Intubation, involves the trachea, which is a deeper part of the respiratory tract.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 4 p. 254-255

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor p. 734-736

Practise the full Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.