Which of the following is a model based on an individual's relationship to stress, the reaction to it and rec… - AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019

AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019

Nursing Foundation

Easy

Appeared in: AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019

Explanation

Neuman's System Model views the client as an open system that constantly interacts with environmental stressors.
The model is built on the client's response to these stressors, which involves a reaction when the system's defenses are penetrated.
A central and unique concept to this model is 'reconstitution,' which is the process of returning to stability and wellness after a reaction to stress.
The question's keywords—stress, reaction, and reconstitution—are the foundational components of Neuman's System Model.

Option A: Parse's Human Becoming Theory is a human science theory that focuses on the quality of life, meaning, and lived experiences. It does not use a framework of stress, reaction, and system stability.
Option B: Universality Theory is not a recognized, foundational nursing theory in the same category as the other options. It serves as a distractor.
Option C: Roy's Adaptation Model focuses on how individuals adapt to stimuli in four specific modes (physiological, self-concept, role function, interdependence). While it addresses responses to stressors, the term 'reconstitution' is not part of this model.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Nursing Theories and Models as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses use Neuman's model to holistically assess patients by identifying actual and potential stressors and evaluating the strength of their defense lines.
The model guides interventions at three levels: Primary prevention (strengthening defenses before illness), Secondary prevention (treating symptoms after a stressor hits), and Tertiary prevention (supporting recovery and reconstitution).
What if? If a patient is recovering from surgery (a major stressor), a nurse using Neuman's model would focus on tertiary prevention: managing pain, preventing complications, and providing education to help the patient's system 'reconstitute' or return to its optimal state of wellness.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: 'relationship to stress,' 'reaction,' and 'reconstitution.'
Recognize that these are specific concepts from a particular nursing theory.
Review the provided options, which are all nursing theories or models (except for one distractor).
Mentally recall or deduce the core focus of each major nursing model. Associate 'adaptation' with Roy, 'self-care' with Orem, and 'interpersonal relations' with Peplau.
The term 'reconstitution' is unique and specifically belongs to Neuman's System Model. This is the strongest clue.
Match the keywords from the question to the correct model. The combination of stress, reaction, and reconstitution directly points to Neuman's System Model.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 4 p. 61-63

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Taylor pp. 1056-1058, 1055-1057