Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Easy
The instrument used for measuring fetal heart rate (FHR):
Appeared in: Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Explanation
- The instrument shown in the image is a Pinard stethoscope, a device specifically designed for the auscultation (listening) of fetal heart sounds.
- Its characteristic trumpet shape functions as a natural acoustic amplifier, making the faint fetal heartbeat audible when placed against the pregnant abdomen.
- It is a fundamental, non-electric tool used in midwifery and obstetrics to assess fetal well-being by counting the heart rate and checking the rhythm.
- The normal range for a fetal heart rate is 110 to 160 beats per minute, and the Pinard stethoscope is an effective tool for this measurement.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: A proctoscope is an instrument designed for the visual examination of the rectum and anus.
- Option C: An endoscope is a general term for any medical instrument with a light and camera used to look inside a body cavity or organ. It is not the specific name for the instrument used for auscultating FHR.
- Option D: This option is incorrect because one of the choices, Proctoscope, is not used for measuring fetal heart rate.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of obstetric instruments for fetal heart rate monitoring as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Accurate FHR monitoring is a critical nursing skill for assessing fetal well-being and detecting early signs of fetal distress.
- A normal FHR is 110-160 beats per minute. A rate that is consistently too high (tachycardia) or too low (bradycardia) requires immediate investigation and intervention.
- The Pinard stethoscope is an essential tool in low-resource settings where electronic devices like Doppler monitors may not be available. It ensures that basic fetal monitoring can still be performed effectively.
How to Approach the Question
- First, analyze the image provided. The instrument has a distinct trumpet-like shape, which is characteristic of a Pinard stethoscope.
- Next, read the question carefully. It asks for the instrument used to measure fetal heart rate (FHR).
- Evaluate the options provided. Option A, 'Pinard Stethoscope,' directly matches the instrument in the image and its known function.
- Consider the other options to confirm they are incorrect. A 'Proctoscope' is used for rectal exams, and an 'Endoscope' is a very general term.
- Eliminate the incorrect options. Since 'Proctoscope' is wrong, 'Both a and b' must also be wrong.
- Conclude that 'Pinard Stethoscope' is the most accurate and specific answer.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Identification of obstetric instruments for fetal heart rate monitoring.
- Stem keywords: instrument, measuring, fetal heart rate, FHR
- Lead-in keywords: used for
Question ID
Qpn3Abn3b1Ec8dROmTeI5G
Reference Book
E6 Comprehensive Textbook of Community Health Nursing for BSc Nursing Students Part 2 — Subpart A (pp 1-275 of 550) p. 200-202
Practise the full Combined AIIMS - 2020 (Jodhpur, Bhopal, Patna, Raipur)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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