The designation of an orbital with $\mathbf{n}=4$ and $\mathbf{l}=2$ is?

Appeared in: KPSC Staff Nurse - 2018

Explanation

The principal quantum number (n) indicates the main energy level, which is given as 4.
The azimuthal quantum number (l) defines the subshell (orbital shape). An l value of 2 specifically corresponds to the 'd' subshell.
Combining the principal number (4) and the subshell letter (d) gives the designation 4d.

Option B: The 4s designation corresponds to an azimuthal quantum number (l) of 0, not 2.
Option C: The 4p designation corresponds to an azimuthal quantum number (l) of 1, not 2.
Option D: The 4f designation corresponds to an azimuthal quantum number (l) of 3, not 2.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbital Designation as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding atomic structure is a fundamental prerequisite for studying biochemistry and pharmacology, as the electronic configuration of atoms dictates their chemical bonding and reactivity.
The principles of electron orbitals are essential for interpreting advanced imaging techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which relies on the quantum mechanical properties of atomic nuclei.
What if? If the question asked for n=3 and l=1, the answer would be 3p, as n=3 is the third energy level and l=1 corresponds to the 'p' subshell.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the given quantum numbers in the question: n (principal) and l (azimuthal).
Recall that 'n' gives the number part of the orbital designation.
Recall the letter codes for the 'l' values: l=0 is 's', l=1 is 'p', l=2 is 'd', and l=3 is 'f'.
Match the given 'l' value (l=2) to its corresponding letter ('d').
Combine the number from 'n' (4) and the letter from 'l' ('d') to form the final orbital designation: 4d.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Practise the full KPSC Staff Nurse - 2018

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.