Identify the procedure done in the given image:

AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019

Image Based Questions (E5)

Medium

Appeared in: AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019

Explanation

The image shows a needle being inserted into the radial artery at the wrist, which is the standard site for Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) sampling.
The purpose of an ABG test is to assess a patient's oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base balance by analyzing an arterial blood sample.
The technique shown, including the hyperextension of the wrist and direct arterial puncture with a syringe, is characteristic of ABG collection.
This procedure is distinct from venous blood draws or intradermal injections.

Option A: A blood culture involves drawing blood from a vein (venipuncture), not an artery, to check for systemic infections.
Option B: The Mantoux test is a skin test for tuberculosis. It involves injecting a small amount of fluid (PPD) under the skin of the forearm to create a small bleb, not drawing blood.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the procedure shown in the image is clearly identifiable as Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) sampling based on the anatomical site and technique used.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of clinical procedures from visual information as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
ABG analysis is vital for managing critically ill patients, especially those with respiratory failure, shock, or severe metabolic disturbances. The results guide interventions like oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation.
The nurse's role post-procedure is critical. It includes applying firm pressure to the puncture site for at least 5 minutes (longer if the patient is on anticoagulants) to prevent hematoma formation and monitoring the site for bleeding, swelling, or signs of compromised circulation.
What if the Allen's test is negative? A negative Allen's test indicates inadequate collateral circulation from the ulnar artery. In this case, the radial artery on that wrist should not be used. The nurse or provider must assess the other wrist or choose an alternative site like the brachial or femoral artery.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully analyze the image provided. Pay close attention to the anatomical location, the equipment being used, and the action being performed.
Identify key features: a needle and syringe, insertion into the wrist area (a common arterial site), and the drawing of blood.
Evaluate the given options against your visual analysis.
Option A (Blood culture) is typically a venous draw. Option B (Mantoux test) is an intradermal injection, not a blood draw. Option C (Arterial blood gas sampling) matches the visual evidence of an arterial puncture at the radial artery.
Conclude that the procedure is ABG sampling based on the strong match between the visual evidence and the description of the procedure.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QOGqX6tM4eIHbMMaosMstu

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 5 p. 79-81

E6 Pathology-Vandana Puri & Kavita Gaur Textbook of Pathology and Genetics p. 407-409