PGICH Noida NO-2025: Heredity and genetics fall under which determinant of health?

PGICH Noida NO-2025

Pathology & Genetics

Easy

Appeared in: PGICH Noida NO-2025

Explanation

Heredity and genetics are intrinsic biological factors that are passed down from parents to offspring.
These genetic factors determine an individual's physical and mental traits and can predispose them to certain health conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and specific genetic disorders.
This category is distinct from external factors like lifestyle (behavioural), social conditions (socio-economic), or government policies (political).
The genetic make-up is unique and cannot be altered after conception, making it a foundational determinant of an individual's health potential.

Option B: This category refers to an individual's lifestyle choices and personal habits, which are modifiable, unlike genetic makeup.
Option C: This category encompasses the social and economic conditions of a person's life, such as their income, level of education, and housing situation, not their inherited biological traits.
Option D: This category involves government actions, policies, and the political system's influence on health, such as healthcare funding and public health laws. It is an external, systemic factor.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification of Health Determinants as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses use knowledge of health determinants to conduct holistic assessments, understanding that a patient's health is shaped by more than just their immediate illness.
Understanding genetic predispositions (a biological determinant) allows nurses to provide targeted patient education on risk reduction, such as lifestyle modifications for a patient with a family history of heart disease.
What if? If a patient has a strong family history of breast cancer (biological determinant), the nurse's role shifts to include advocating for genetic counseling and earlier screening, rather than standard population-based screening protocols.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: 'Heredity' and 'genetics'.
Next, understand the core concept being asked: which category of 'health determinants' these terms belong to.
Recall or deduce the definitions of the four types of determinants provided in the options.
Match 'heredity' and 'genetics' to the most appropriate definition. These are factors related to the body's internal makeup and inheritance, which directly aligns with 'Biological determinants'.
Eliminate the other options by confirming they relate to external factors: lifestyle (behavioural), social/economic conditions (socio-economic), and government actions (political).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) p. 4-6

E6 Comprehensive Textbook of Community Health NursingShyamala D part 1 (pp 26-389 of 389) p. 22-24