All of the following are ethical principles for health informatics professionals, EXCEPT:

PGICH Noida NO-2025

Health Information and Technology (Basic Computer)

Medium

Appeared in: PGICH Noida NO-2025

Explanation

The 'Principle of the High Intrusive Alternative' is a fabricated term and not a valid ethical principle in health informatics.
The actual guideline is the 'Principle of the Least Intrusive Alternative,' which mandates that any interference with privacy rights should be minimized and occur in the least invasive manner possible.
The term 'High Intrusive' is fundamentally at odds with the core goal of protecting patient privacy and confidentiality.

Option A: This is a valid ethical principle. It acknowledges that while privacy is a fundamental right, it can be lawfully and ethically overridden (infringed upon) for legitimate societal needs, such as mandatory reporting of communicable diseases.
Option C: This is a cornerstone principle of health informatics ethics. It establishes that patients have fundamental rights over their own health data, including how it is collected, used, and disposed of.
Option D: This is a crucial principle that ensures those who handle patient data can be held responsible for their actions. It requires that any infringement on privacy must be justifiable and transparent to the affected individual.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Ethical principles in health informatics as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
As a nurse, you are a primary user of health informatics systems like Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Understanding these ethical principles is not just theoretical; it guides your daily actions in accessing, documenting, and sharing patient information.
Upholding these principles protects your patients, maintains their trust, and keeps you compliant with legal and professional standards, such as the Data Protection Act.
What if? - If a colleague asks you to look up the lab results of a celebrity patient out of curiosity, the principles of Information-Privacy and Accountability require you to refuse. Accessing data without a legitimate clinical need is an ethical and legal breach, even if you don't share the information.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core subject: ethical principles in health informatics. Note the keyword 'EXCEPT', which means you are looking for the option that does not belong.
Read each option carefully. Think about the fundamental goal of medical ethics, which is to protect the patient.
Analyze the options for an outlier. 'Principle of the High Intrusive Alternative' sounds counterintuitive to protecting privacy.
Compare 'High Intrusive' with the likely goal of being 'Least Intrusive'. This contrast strongly suggests it's the incorrect principle.
Confirm that the other options (Legitimate Infringement, Information-Privacy, Accountability) sound like plausible rules for managing sensitive data, making them likely to be real principles.
Select the option that is the clear exception to the established ethical framework.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Ethical principles in health informatics
Stem keywords: ethical principles, health informatics, professionals
Lead-in keywords: EXCEPT
Negative lead-in flag: This is a negatively framed question asking to identify the exception.

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