UP CHO - 10 September 2021
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Easy
Which of the following statements related to in vitro fertilisation is correct?
Appeared in: UP CHO - 10 September 2021
Explanation
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an assisted reproductive technology where an ovum (egg) is combined with sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting.
- The term 'in vitro' literally means 'in glass,' which refers to the petri dish or test tube where the fertilization process takes place.
- After successful fertilization, the resulting embryo is cultured for several days before being transferred into the woman's uterus for implantation.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Fertilization in IVF occurs 'in vitro,' which means outside the body. This option incorrectly states the process happens inside the body.
- Option B: A zygote is the cell formed after an ovum is fertilized by a sperm. The process of fertilization acts on the ovum (egg), not the already-fertilized zygote.
- Option D: Human gametes (eggs and sperm) and embryos are cultured at a temperature that mimics normal body temperature, which is approximately 37°C. A temperature of 40°C is too high and would be detrimental to the cells.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Definition and process of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Nurses play a crucial role in IVF care by educating patients on the complex process, teaching self-administration of hormonal injections, providing vital emotional support, and monitoring for complications like Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS).
- IVF is a key treatment for various causes of infertility, including blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, male factor infertility (e.g., low sperm count or motility), endometriosis, and cases of unexplained infertility.
- What if a couple has severe male factor infertility where sperm cannot penetrate the egg on its own? The procedure would be modified to Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), a variation of IVF where a single sperm is injected directly into the ovum to ensure fertilization.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key term in the question: 'in vitro fertilisation'.
- Recall the literal meaning of 'in vitro', which is 'in glass'. This signifies a process occurring outside a living organism, in a laboratory environment.
- Evaluate each option against this core definition. Option A states 'inside the body,' which is the opposite of 'in vitro.' This can be eliminated.
- Analyze the biological terms in Option B. Fertilization is the process that creates a zygote from an ovum and sperm. Therefore, 'fertilisation of the zygote' is a logical contradiction. This can be eliminated.
- Consider the physiological conditions in Option D. A temperature of 40°C is equivalent to a high fever in humans and is harmful to sensitive cells like gametes. The correct temperature for such procedures is normal body temperature (around 37°C). This can be eliminated.
- Confirm that Option C, which states fertilization occurs 'outside the body,' perfectly aligns with the definition of 'in vitro' and the fundamental principle of the IVF process.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Definition and process of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- Stem keywords: in vitro fertilisation, correct statement
- Lead-in keywords: correct
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QM6pSKaxKBOR2WXcJbNboL
Reference Book
E6 Gynecology Williams p. 51-76
E6 Physiology Guyton 4SAE Part 3 p. 50-52
Practise the full UP CHO - 10 September 2021
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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