RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
Which of the following diabetic complications is called the atherosclerotic occlusive disease of lower extremity?
Appeared in: RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022
Explanation
- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, a condition known as atherosclerosis.
- The question specifically asks for the 'atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity', which is the definition of PAD.
- PAD is classified as a macrovascular complication of diabetes, meaning it affects the large blood vessels.
- Key signs of PAD include intermittent claudication (leg pain with activity), cool skin, weak pulses in the feet, and non-healing ulcers.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Nephropathy is damage to the kidneys, not the arteries of the lower extremities.
- Option C: Neuropathy is nerve damage, which can cause foot problems in diabetes, but it is distinct from the arterial occlusion seen in PAD.
- Option D: Retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels in the retina of the eye, not the lower limbs.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Knowing Classification of diabetic complications, specifically identifying macrovascular complications helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
- Nurses play a crucial role in screening for PAD in diabetic patients by performing regular foot exams, checking pedal pulses (dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial), and assessing skin temperature and color.
- Patient education is a key nursing intervention. This includes teaching meticulous foot care, the importance of proper footwear, smoking cessation, and recognizing symptoms like leg pain or non-healing sores that require immediate medical attention.
- What if a patient with diabetes reports cramping pain in their calves after walking two blocks, which resolves with rest? This is a classic sign of intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD. The nurse's priority is to document this finding and ensure the patient is evaluated by a healthcare provider for PAD, likely starting with an Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) test.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key phrase in the question: 'atherosclerotic occlusive disease of lower extremity'. This is a definition.
- Recall or look up the definition. This condition involves plaque buildup (atherosclerosis) blocking arteries (occlusive disease) in the legs (lower extremity).
- Next, evaluate the options provided in the context of diabetic complications.
- Recognize that Nephropathy (kidney), Neuropathy (nerve), and Retinopathy (eye) are microvascular complications affecting small vessels.
- Identify Peripheral Artery Disease as the term that matches the definition and is known as a macrovascular (large vessel) complication of diabetes affecting the limbs.
- Select the option that directly corresponds to the definition given in the stem.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Classification of diabetic complications, specifically identifying macrovascular complications.
- Stem keywords: diabetic complications, atherosclerotic occlusive disease, lower extremity
- Lead-in keywords: Which of the following
Question ID
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Reference Book
E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 1126-1128
Practise the full RIMS Nursing Officer - 2022
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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