The umbilical cord at term contains?

Appeared in: AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019

Explanation

Option A: This option states there are two arteries and two veins. While two umbilical veins are present in very early embryonic development, the right umbilical vein typically degenerates, leaving only one.
Option B: This option incorrectly reverses the normal ratio of arteries and veins. The umbilical cord has more arteries than veins.
Option D: This describes a two-vessel cord, which is a known congenital anomaly called Single Umbilical Artery (SUA). It is not the normal structure.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Anatomy of the umbilical cord as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A key nursing responsibility in the delivery room is to inspect the umbilical cord for the presence of three vessels (two arteries, one vein).
The finding of a single umbilical artery (SUA), or a two-vessel cord, must be documented and reported as it can be a soft marker for underlying renal, cardiac, or chromosomal abnormalities, necessitating closer observation of the newborn.
What if? If a two-vessel cord is identified and the newborn also shows other signs of distress or physical anomalies, the priority would be to stabilize the infant and prepare for further diagnostic workup, such as a renal ultrasound and echocardiogram, as per hospital protocol.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question about basic anatomy.
Identify the core subject: the structure of the umbilical cord at term.
Recall the normal number and type of vessels within the cord.
Use the mnemonic 'AVA' (Artery-Vein-Artery) to remember that there are two arteries and one vein.
Evaluate the options based on this knowledge.
Select the option that matches the 'two arteries and one vein' structure.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Q0B9GoGdqQxHx7YH9L0ocb

E6 Histology Inderbir 11e p. 5-7

E6 Obstetrics Williams p. 71-95

E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 778-780

Practise the full AIIMS BBSR SNO - 2019

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.