Read the given statements carefully and select the correct option. Statement-I: In saturated carbon compounds, valency of all the atoms is satisfied by single bonds between them. Statement-II: Saturated carbon compounds are normally not very reactive.

Appeared in: RRB Nsg. Superintendent-2026 (Shift -1st)

Explanation

Statement-I is true. Saturated carbon compounds, by definition, are hydrocarbons in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. This structure allows each carbon atom to bond to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, thus satisfying its tetravalency.
Statement-II is true. The single covalent bonds (sigma bonds) in saturated compounds are strong and stable, requiring a significant amount of energy to break. This inherent stability makes them less reactive compared to unsaturated compounds, which contain weaker pi bonds.
Since both statements accurately describe fundamental properties of saturated carbon compounds, the correct option is the one that affirms both are true.

Option A: This option is incorrect because both statements are factually correct. Statement-I correctly defines the bonding in saturated compounds, and Statement-II correctly describes their low reactivity.
Option B: This option is incorrect because Statement-I is true. The defining characteristic of a saturated compound is that all valencies are satisfied by single bonds.
Option C: This option is incorrect because Statement-II is also true. The stability of the single sigma bonds in saturated compounds leads to their characteristic low reactivity.

Visual 1: Diagram - A molecular model of ethane (C₂H₆), a simple saturated hydrocarbon, showing the single covalent bonds between the two carbon atoms and the six hydrogen atoms, illustrating how the valency of each atom is satisfied.
Visual 2: Infographic - A comparative chart contrasting the structure and reactivity of a saturated compound (like propane) with an unsaturated compound (like propene), highlighting the single vs. double bonds and the resulting difference in chemical behavior.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Properties and reactivity of saturated carbon compounds as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the stability of saturated compounds is fundamental in biochemistry. Saturated fatty acids, which are long-chain saturated hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group, are key components of triglycerides and cell membranes. Their straight, packed structure contributes to the rigidity of membranes.
In pharmacology, the hydrocarbon skeleton of many drugs is saturated. Its non-reactive nature ensures the stability of the drug molecule, allowing the active functional groups to perform their intended action without the backbone interfering.
What if the compound was unsaturated? If a carbon compound contains double or triple bonds (making it unsaturated), it becomes much more reactive. The pi bonds are sites for addition reactions, allowing the molecule to easily react with substances like halogens or hydrogen, a property not seen in saturated compounds.

How to Approach the Question

First, analyze Statement-I. Recall the definition of a 'saturated' compound in the context of organic chemistry. It refers to molecules where carbon atoms are bonded by single bonds only.
Next, evaluate the truthfulness of Statement-I based on this definition. Since carbon's valency is 4, being 'saturated' with single bonds means its valency is fully satisfied.
Then, analyze Statement-II. Consider the nature of single covalent bonds (sigma bonds). They are strong and stable.
Relate bond strength to chemical reactivity. Strong, stable bonds mean the compound is less likely to react. Therefore, saturated compounds are generally not very reactive.
Finally, combine your evaluations. Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true. Select the option that reflects this conclusion.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.