Psychoanalytical model was given by whom?

Appeared in: UPPSC 2023

Explanation

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, is universally recognized as the founder of the psychoanalytic theory.
His model emphasizes that unconscious processes, psychodynamic factors, and early life experiences are the primary basis for human motivation and behavior.
Freud organized the structure of personality into three major components: the id (driven by the pleasure principle), the ego (driven by the reality principle), and the superego (driven by the perfection principle or morality).

Option A: Hildegard Peplau was a nursing theorist, not a psychoanalyst. Her focus was on the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the patient.
Option B: B. F. Skinner was a prominent behaviorist. His work centered on operant conditioning, which explains how behavior is learned and modified through reinforcement (rewards) and punishment.
Option C: Kaplan is a name famously associated with comprehensive psychiatric textbooks (e.g., 'Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry'), not the originator of a foundational psychological model.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Founder of the Psychoanalytical Model as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding psychoanalytic concepts like defense mechanisms (e.g., denial, rationalization) helps nurses recognize and interpret patient behaviors that might otherwise seem irrational or counterproductive.
This knowledge allows nurses to approach patients with greater empathy, understanding that their current behavior may be rooted in past experiences and unconscious conflicts.
What if? If a patient consistently refuses to acknowledge their new diagnosis of diabetes (denial), a nurse with knowledge of psychoanalytic concepts can identify this as a coping mechanism and work on building trust and addressing the underlying anxiety, rather than just repeating factual information.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of major psychological theorists.
First, identify the key concept in the question stem, which is the 'Psychoanalytical model'.
Next, scan the options provided and try to match the concept with the correct theorist.
Recall that Sigmund Freud is widely known as the 'father of psychoanalysis'.
Eliminate the other options by associating them with their respective fields: B. F. Skinner with behaviorism and Peplau with nursing theory. Recognize Kaplan as a name associated with textbooks, not a theory.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e p. 103-105

E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 6e Sem1 p. 104-106

E6 Guide to Mental Health & PSYCHIATRIC NURSING R Sreevani— Part 1 (pp 26-289 of 579) p. 74-76

Practise the full UPPSC 2023

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.