Identify the following instrument in image:

Appeared in: AIIMS Delhi NO- 2019

Explanation

The instrument presented in the image is an otoscope.
As seen in the image, it has a distinct cone-shaped tip called a speculum, which is designed to be inserted into the ear canal for examination.
The main body consists of a handle (which contains the power source) and a head, which holds a light source and a magnifying lens to illuminate and enlarge the view of the ear canal and eardrum.
This tool is fundamental for performing an otoscopy to diagnose conditions affecting the external and middle ear.

Option B: A tonometer is an instrument used to measure the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). Its design is different, often involving a probe that makes contact with the cornea.
Option C: An ophthalmoscope is used to examine the interior structures of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels. Its head contains a series of lenses and apertures, which looks different from the instrument shown.
Option D: This option is incorrect because the instrument is clearly identifiable as an otoscope, which is one of the given choices.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Identification of common medical diagnostic instruments as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Otoscopy is a core clinical skill for nurses to assess ear health and identify common problems such as otitis media (middle ear infection), otitis externa (swimmer's ear), cerumen (earwax) impaction, or the presence of foreign objects.
A correct and gentle technique is crucial to avoid causing pain or injury to the sensitive ear canal and tympanic membrane.
What if? If during an otoscopic exam, the tympanic membrane appeared red, bulging, and the bony landmarks were obscured, it would strongly suggest acute otitis media, requiring prompt referral or treatment.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully observe the image provided, paying close attention to the shape and parts of the instrument.
Identify the key components: a handle, a head, and a specific tip. Note the cone-shaped tip (speculum), which is designed for insertion into a body canal.
Recall the function of the instruments listed in the options. An otoscope is for the ear, an ophthalmoscope for the eye, and a tonometer for measuring eye pressure.
Correlate the visual features of the instrument with its function. The cone-shaped speculum is uniquely suited for examining the ear canal.
Based on this visual analysis, conclude that the instrument is an otoscope.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 3 p. 83-85

E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 2 Part 1 p. 86-88

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