According to Freud psycho-sexual theory, the stage which lasts from birth to one year of age:

Appeared in: IGNOU PB. Bsc. Nsg. Entrance-2025

Explanation

The Oral stage is the first phase in Freud's psychosexual theory, covering the period from birth to approximately 12-18 months.
During this stage, an infant's primary source of pleasure and interaction with the world is through the mouth, involving activities like sucking, feeding, and biting.
Successful navigation of this stage, by having oral needs met, is crucial for developing a fundamental sense of trust and comfort.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

Option A: The Phallic stage occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, where the focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals.
Option B: The Latency stage occurs from age 6 to puberty. During this time, sexual urges are repressed, and the focus is on social and intellectual development.
Option C: The Anal stage is the second stage, occurring from approximately 18 months to 3 years, with a focus on bowel and bladder control.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding developmental theories like Freud's helps nurses assess if a child's behavior is age-appropriate and provides a framework for anticipating patient needs.
Nurses can use this knowledge to provide anticipatory guidance to parents, for example, explaining the importance of meeting an infant's oral needs to foster trust or advising patience during the toilet-training phase (Anal stage).
What if? If a 5-year-old child admitted to the hospital suddenly reverts to thumb-sucking (an oral-stage behavior), a nurse recognizing this as potential regression due to stress can implement measures to provide comfort and security, rather than just correcting the behavior.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concepts in the question: 'Freud psycho-sexual theory' and the specific age 'birth to one year'.
This is a factual recall question that requires knowledge of a specific psychological framework.
Mentally list Freud's developmental stages in chronological order: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital.
Associate the age range with each stage. The first stage, Oral, corresponds to infancy (birth to ~1 year).
Scan the options provided and select the one that matches the stage for the specified age range.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development
Stem keywords: Freud, psycho-sexual theory, birth to one year
Lead-in keywords: stage
Negative lead-in flag: false

Question ID

QoCLubhOyxM5KovH7JD8WA

Reference Book

E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 1 p. 163-165

E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 2976-2978

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