Which of the following trace elements is essential for the synthesis of insulin?

AIIMS Patna NO - 2020

Applied Nutrition & Dietetics

Easy

Appeared in: AIIMS Patna NO - 2020

Explanation

Zinc is an essential trace element required for the proper synthesis and storage of the hormone insulin.
Within the beta cells of the pancreas, six molecules of insulin associate to form a hexamer.
This insulin hexamer is stabilized by two zinc ions, allowing it to be stored in a crystalline form within secretory vesicles.
This storage mechanism ensures that a stable and ready supply of insulin is available for secretion into the bloodstream when needed to regulate blood glucose.

Option A: Cobalt is a central component of vitamin B12 (cobalamin), not insulin. Its primary roles are related to red blood cell formation and neurological function.
Option B: Iron's primary function is in oxygen transport as a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells and myoglobin in muscle cells. It is not directly involved in insulin synthesis.
Option D: Sodium is a major electrolyte, not a trace element. Its main functions are related to maintaining fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve impulse transmission. It does not play a role in the synthesis of insulin.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain The role of trace elements in hormone synthesis, specifically insulin as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses should be aware that zinc deficiency, which can be seen in patients with malnutrition, malabsorption syndromes, or chronic illnesses, may impair glucose tolerance and affect glycemic control.
Patient education regarding a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, including zinc (found in meat, shellfish, legumes, and nuts), is an important nursing intervention for overall health and metabolic function.
What if a patient with type 2 diabetes presents with poor wound healing and recurrent infections? The nurse should recognize these as potential signs of zinc deficiency and advocate for nutritional assessment, as correcting the deficiency could improve both immune function and glycemic control.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: 'trace element' and 'synthesis of insulin'.
This is a factual recall question that requires knowledge of biochemistry and nutrition.
Review the options provided and consider the primary physiological role of each element.
Recall that insulin is stored in the pancreas. Think about the specific minerals involved in hormone storage and structure.
Eliminate options whose primary roles are well-known and unrelated to insulin (e.g., Iron for oxygen transport, Sodium for fluid balance, Cobalt for Vitamin B12).
This process of elimination leaves Zinc as the most plausible answer, which is known to be involved in the stabilization of the insulin hexamer for storage.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: The role of trace elements in hormone synthesis, specifically insulin.
Stem keywords: trace elements, essential, synthesis, insulin
Lead-in keywords: Which
Negative lead-in flag: false

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