Which of the following is a long continuous strand of DNA that carries genetic information?

Appeared in: JODHPUR AIIMS SNO-2018

Explanation

A chromosome is a structure found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which is composed of a single, long molecule of DNA.
This long DNA strand is tightly coiled and condensed around proteins called histones, allowing it to fit inside the nucleus.
The primary function of a chromosome is to carry the cell's genetic information, which is organized into functional units called genes.

Option A: A ribosome is a cellular particle made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein. Its function is to synthesize proteins by translating the information from messenger RNA (mRNA), not to store the primary genetic code as a DNA strand.
Option B: The nucleus is a large organelle that acts as the cell's control center. It contains the chromosomes, but it is the container for the genetic material, not the strand of DNA itself.
Option D: The mitochondrion's main role is to generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. While it does contain its own small, circular DNA (mtDNA), it is not the long, continuous strand that carries the vast majority of an organism's genetic information.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Cellular organelles and genetic material as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the structure of chromosomes is crucial for diagnosing genetic disorders like Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) or Turner syndrome, which are caused by abnormalities in chromosome number or structure.
Genetic testing techniques, such as karyotyping, directly analyze a patient's chromosomes to identify these abnormalities, which is essential for clinical management and providing accurate genetic counseling.
What if the question asked about the primary site of cellular respiration? The correct answer would then be Mitochondria.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question testing fundamental knowledge of cell biology.
First, identify the key phrases in the question stem: 'long continuous strand of DNA' and 'carries genetic information'.
Next, systematically evaluate each option based on this precise definition.
Recall that a Ribosome's function is protein synthesis, and it is made of rRNA, not DNA. Eliminate this option.
Recall that the Nucleus is an organelle that contains the DNA, but it is not the DNA strand itself. Eliminate this option.
Recall that Mitochondria are primarily for energy production and have their own separate, small genome. Eliminate this option.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 34-887

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