Raj. CHO - 2023
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
Which of the following eye conditions is caused by an increase in intraocular pressure (Intra-ocular pressure)?
Appeared in: Raj. CHO - 2023
Explanation
- Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP).
- This elevated pressure damages the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
- The damage is progressive and irreversible, typically causing loss of peripheral (side) vision first.
- While a normal IOP is 10-21 mmHg, the damage in glaucoma can occur even at pressures within this range for some individuals (normal-tension glaucoma).
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Cataract is the clouding or opacification of the eye's natural lens. It is not caused by or characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure.
- Option B: Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It leads to inflammation and scarring of the conjunctiva and cornea, but it is not related to intraocular pressure.
- Option C: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive error. It occurs when the shape of the eye causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing images in front of the retina instead of on the retina. It has no direct relationship with increased intraocular pressure.
Related Visual
- Visual 1: Diagram - A cross-section of an eye illustrating the flow of aqueous humor and how its blockage in glaucoma leads to increased pressure on the optic nerve.
- Visual 2: Comparison Image - Shows the visual field of a person with normal vision versus the tunnel vision characteristic of advanced glaucoma.
- Visual 3: Diagram - An illustration of a cataract, showing the clouded lens compared to a clear, healthy lens.
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Pathophysiology of common eye disorders, specifically the role of intraocular pressure as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, making early detection and management crucial. Nurses play a key role in educating patients about the importance of regular eye exams, especially for high-risk groups (e.g., age over 40, family history, diabetes).
- Patient education on medication adherence is critical. Many glaucoma treatments involve daily eye drops to lower IOP. Nurses must teach the correct instillation technique (including punctal occlusion) to maximize efficacy and minimize systemic side effects.
- Nurses must be able to recognize the signs of acute angle-closure glaucoma (sudden severe eye pain, headache, nausea, halos around lights), as it is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention to prevent permanent vision loss.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core concept in the question stem: 'caused by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP)'.
- Systematically evaluate each option based on your knowledge of eye pathologies.
- Recall or deduce the definition of Glaucoma. You should associate it directly with elevated IOP and optic nerve damage.
- Consider Cataract. Recall that this is a problem with the lens becoming cloudy, not a pressure issue.
- Think about Trachoma. Recognize this as an infectious disease, not a pressure-related one.
- Analyze Myopia. Remember this is a refractive error (a problem with how the eye focuses light), not a disease caused by high pressure.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Pathophysiology of common eye disorders, specifically the role of intraocular pressure.
- Stem keywords: eye conditions, increase in intraocular pressure, IOP
- Lead-in keywords: Which
Question ID
QT495g4jSOeftrE9tSyFpy
Practise the full Raj. CHO - 2023
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
More Sensorineural Function Questions
- Which ophthalmic diagnostic test measures the Intraocular pressure?
- Look at the image and tell which of the following is incorrect combination:
- Identify the following instrument in image:
- 100 mL fluid is given to patient and patient's CVP is 3 mm Hg, then what is the next intervention?
- How to tie ET tube to adult patient to prevent bedsore?
- What sound is heard when percussing a distended bladder?
- Which test would be done to check balance in a patient with ataxia?
- Identify the condition:
- In the emergency you have 4 patients. By prioritizing your management plan, which patient's problem will you address first?:
- Neurological assessment GCS scale component includes?
More Raj. CHO - 2023 Questions
- Which action is an action of Cholinergic drugs?
- Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as an estimated blood loss of \ \ \ \ \ \ associated with vaginal delivery.
- Urine output less than \ \ \ \ \ \ mL/24 hours is known as anuria.
- The full form of PMJAY is -
- When providing CPR, the compression depth for an adult should be at least \ \ \ \ \ \ .
- SARS means -
- Skin-to-skin contact for the care of premature infants on the mother's chest is a component of \ \ \ \ \ \ .
- What is the main cause of Enteric fever?
- In which of the following years was the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) launched?
- Ayushman Bharat Day is celebrated annually on which day?