What is the function of a Flame cell?

Appeared in: MP CHO -2021 (Shift 1st)

Explanation

Flame cells are the primary excretory units in invertebrates like flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes).
Their main role is to remove metabolic wastes from the body fluids.
In addition to excretion, they are vital for osmoregulation, which is the maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by controlling water and salt concentrations.
The characteristic 'flame' appearance is due to the flickering motion of a tuft of cilia, which drives the filtration process.

Option B: Digestion in flatworms is not performed by flame cells. It occurs in a gastrovascular cavity, which is a sac-like gut with a single opening that serves as both mouth and anus.
Option C: Respiration in simple organisms like flatworms occurs through simple diffusion across the entire body surface. They lack specialized respiratory organs like lungs or gills.
Option D: Flame cells are not involved in reproduction. Flatworms have complex reproductive systems, and many are hermaphroditic, possessing both male and female reproductive organs.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Function of Flame Cells as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding basic cellular functions like excretion is a fundamental concept in biology that underpins human physiology.
The principle of filtering waste from body fluids, as seen in flame cells, is analogous to the function of nephrons in the human kidney.
A nurse's understanding of renal function, fluid balance, and waste product elimination (e.g., urea, creatinine) is critical for patient care, especially in conditions like kidney failure.

How to Approach the Question

This is a factual recall question from basic biology.
First, identify the key term in the question: 'Flame cell'.
Recall or deduce the biological system to which this specialized cell belongs. The name 'flame cell' is distinctive.
Associate the flame cell with its primary function. Flame cells are a classic example of a primitive excretory system (protonephridia).
Evaluate the given options: 'Excretion', 'Digestion', 'Respiration', and 'Reproduction'.
Select the option that matches the known function. Flame cells are for excretion and osmoregulation.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Physiology Guyton 4SAE Part 1 p. 33-35

Practise the full MP CHO -2021 (Shift 1st)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.