The tumor of the hyaline cartilage is called?

Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur - 2017 (shift-2)

Explanation

An enchondroma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that is composed of mature hyaline cartilage.
It is classified as a chondrogenic (cartilage-forming) tumor.
These tumors typically develop centrally within the medullary cavity (the interior) of the affected bone.
The most common locations for enchondromas are the small tubular bones of the hands and feet.

Option A: An osteochondroma is not purely a hyaline cartilage tumor. It is a bony outgrowth (exostosis) on the surface of a bone that is capped with cartilage.
Option B: An osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the bone, not cartilage. The cancerous cells in an osteosarcoma produce osteoid (immature bone).
Option D: A chondrosarcoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of cartilage. While it is a tumor of cartilage, the question does not specify malignancy, and enchondroma is the benign counterpart, fitting the general query.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification of Bone and Cartilage Tumors as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
While enchondromas are benign, they can weaken the bone, leading to a risk of pathological fractures (a fracture caused by a disease rather than injury).
Nurses should be aware of the signs of pathological fractures, such as pain, swelling, and inability to use the affected limb, especially in patients with known bone lesions.
What if? If a patient has multiple enchondromas (a condition called Ollier disease or Maffucci syndrome), the risk of one of them transforming into a malignant chondrosarcoma increases significantly, requiring regular monitoring.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: "tumor" and "hyaline cartilage". This indicates the question is about classifying a specific type of tumor based on its tissue of origin.
Next, recall the definitions of the four types of bone tumors listed in the options.
Differentiate the tumors based on two main criteria: the tissue they originate from (bone vs. cartilage) and their nature (benign vs. malignant).
Osteo- prefix refers to bone, while Chondro- prefix refers to cartilage.
-oma suffix usually implies a benign tumor, while -sarcoma implies a malignant tumor.
Evaluate each option: Osteochondroma (bone and cartilage), Osteosarcoma (malignant bone), Enchondroma (benign cartilage inside bone), and Chondrosarcoma (malignant cartilage).

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 255-257

E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 1190-1192

Practise the full AIIMS Raipur - 2017 (shift-2)

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.