The technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction was developed by?

Appeared in: KPSC Staff Nurse - 2018

Explanation

Kary Mullis developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique in 1983.
This invention allows for the in vitro amplification of a specific DNA segment, creating billions of copies from a small sample.
For this revolutionary work, Kary Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.

Option A: Maxam and Gilbert developed a method for DNA sequencing, not DNA amplification. Their technique uses chemical reactions to break DNA at specific bases.
Option B: Frederick Sanger developed the dideoxy or chain-termination method of DNA sequencing, which became the standard for large-scale sequencing projects. This is a sequencing technique, not an amplification technique.
Option C: Francis Crick, along with James Watson, discovered the double helix structure of DNA and proposed the central dogma of molecular biology. His work was foundational but did not involve the invention of PCR.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain History and principles of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
PCR is a cornerstone of modern diagnostics, used to detect genetic material from viruses (e.g., HIV, SARS-CoV-2), bacteria (e.g., M. tuberculosis), and for genetic testing.
Nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of PCR results through meticulous sample collection, proper labeling, and adherence to transport protocols to prevent contamination or degradation.
What if a PCR sample is contaminated with DNA from the environment or another sample? This can lead to a false-positive result, potentially resulting in an incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary treatment for the patient.

How to Approach the Question

Identify the key term in the question, which is 'Polymerase Chain Reaction' (PCR).
This is a factual recall question asking for the inventor of a specific scientific technique.
Access your knowledge of major discoveries in molecular biology.
Evaluate each option: Associate Kary Mullis with PCR, Sanger and Maxam/Gilbert with DNA sequencing, and Francis Crick with the structure of DNA.
Select the name directly associated with the invention of PCR.

Concept Tested & Keywords

QjlByXh9-w4ikjHr8EGFKa

E6 Biochemistry U Satyanarayana— Part 2 (pp 421-820 of 840) pp. 221-223, 223-225

E6 Microbiology Essentials Sastry 4e Part 1 p. 60-62

Practise the full KPSC Staff Nurse - 2018

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.