Read the given statement and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information in the statement is true, even if they appear to be in variance with commonly known facts, select which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statement beyond reasonable doubt.
Statements:-
I. All cars are trucks.
II. Some trucks are buses.

Conclusions:-
I. All buses are cars.
II. Some cars are trucks.

1. A

   Only conclusion II follows

2. B

   Neither of the conclusion follows.

3. C

   Both I and II follows

4. D

   Only conclusion I follows

Appeared in: DSSSB - 29 August 2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

• The correct option states that only conclusion II follows.
• Statement I is "All cars are trucks." This is a universal statement.
• In logic, if a universal statement like "All A are B" is true, then the particular statement "Some A are B" is also necessarily true.
• Since all cars are trucks, it must be true that at least some of them are. Therefore, Conclusion II, "Some cars are trucks," logically follows.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option B: This option is incorrect because Conclusion II is a valid deduction from Statement I.
• Option C: This option is incorrect because Conclusion I ("All buses are cars") does not logically follow from the statements. The statements only establish a partial overlap between trucks and buses, with no guaranteed relationship between buses and cars.
• Option D: This option is incorrect because Conclusion I is invalid, while Conclusion II is valid. The statements do not provide enough information to conclude that all buses are cars.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Syllogism and Deductive Reasoning as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• This question tests logical and deductive reasoning, which is a foundational skill for critical thinking in nursing.
• Nurses must accurately interpret information from multiple sources (e.g., patient reports, lab results, vital signs) and draw sound conclusions to make safe and effective clinical decisions.
• For example, if a guideline states 'All patients with condition X require intervention Y,' a nurse must understand this implies 'Some patients with condition X require intervention Y' and act accordingly, without needing to re-verify for every single patient.

How to Approach the Question

• First, identify the type of logical reasoning question. This is a syllogism with two statements and two conclusions.
• Represent each statement visually using a Venn diagram. For 'All A are B', draw circle A inside circle B. For 'Some A are B', draw circles A and B overlapping.
• Draw the diagrams to represent the minimum necessary overlap. Avoid making assumptions that are not explicitly stated.
• Evaluate each conclusion by checking if it MUST be true based on the diagram(s) you've drawn. If a conclusion can be false in any valid diagram, it does not logically follow.
• Remember the rule of subalternation: If 'All A are B' is true, then 'Some A are B' is also true.
• Select the option that correctly identifies which of the conclusions are valid.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Syllogism and Deductive Reasoning
• Stem keywords: All cars are trucks, Some trucks are buses, Statements, Conclusions
• Lead-in keywords: logically follow

Question ID

Qnt-P5MNgNTBFheYfuQ99X

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