Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if they appear to be at variance with commonly known facts, select the conclusion that logically follows the statements beyond reasonable doubt.

Statements I. Some mangoes are apples. II. All apples are bananas.

Conclusions: I. All bananas are apples. II. All mangoes are bananas.

1. A

   Only conclusion II follows.

2. B

   Only conclusion I follows.

3. C

   Both conclusions I and II follow.

4. D

   Neither conclusion follows.

Appeared in: DSSSB - 28 August 2019 (Shift-1)

Explanation

• This is a logical reasoning problem, specifically a syllogism, which tests the ability to draw conclusions from two given statements.
• Statement I ('Some M are A') and Statement II ('All A are B') logically combine to the conclusion 'Some M are B'.
• Conclusion I ('All bananas are apples') is an invalid conversion of Statement II. Just because all apples are bananas doesn't mean all bananas must be apples.
• Conclusion II ('All mangoes are bananas') is an overgeneralization. The statements only guarantee that some mangoes (the ones that are apples) are bananas, not all of them.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: This is incorrect because the conclusion 'All mangoes are bananas' cannot be definitively proven. We only have information about the mangoes that are apples; the other mangoes may or may not be bananas.
• Option B: This is incorrect because the conclusion 'All bananas are apples' is a logical fallacy. It's an invalid reversal of the statement 'All apples are bananas'.
• Option C: This is incorrect because, as explained, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II logically and necessarily follows from the given statements.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Syllogism and Logical Deduction as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• While not a clinical question, logical reasoning is a foundational skill for nurses.
• It helps in interpreting patient data, understanding cause-and-effect relationships in pathophysiology, and making sound clinical judgments under pressure.
• What if? If Statement I were 'All mangoes are apples' and Statement II remained 'All apples are bananas', then Conclusion II ('All mangoes are bananas') would become correct. This is a classic example of a transitive relationship (If A=B and B=C, then A=C).

How to Approach the Question

• Identify the question type as a syllogism, which requires deductive reasoning.
• Translate the statements into a visual format. The Venn diagram method is highly effective for this.
• Draw a circle for 'Mangoes' and another for 'Apples' that partially overlap to represent 'Some mangoes are apples'.
• Draw a larger circle for 'Bananas' that completely encloses the 'Apples' circle to represent 'All apples are bananas'.
• Test each conclusion against your diagram. Ask: 'Does the diagram force this conclusion to be true?'
• For Conclusion I ('All bananas are apples'), observe that the 'Bananas' circle is not fully contained within the 'Apples' circle. Thus, it's false.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Syllogism and Logical Deduction
• Stem keywords: Statements, Conclusions, Some mangoes are apples, All apples are bananas
• Lead-in keywords: logically follows

Question ID

QgeA2nK9FxclmNdwpGf4in

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