Statement : Malware infections can be prevented by using antivirus software, antimalware, regular software upgrades and avoid downloading attachments from unsolicited emails.

Conclusion :

1. For cyber security, regular upgrades and cautious online conduct are essential.
2. Antivirus software alone is sufficient to prevent all malware infections.

Which of the following conclusions logically follows the statement?

1. A

   Only 2

2. B

   Both 1 and 2

3. C

   Neither 1 nor 2

4. D

   Only 1

Appeared in: Raj. CHO -2025

Explanation

• The statement describes a multi-layered approach to malware prevention, requiring several distinct actions.
• Conclusion 1 correctly identifies two of these layers ('regular upgrades' and 'cautious online conduct') as essential components of the overall strategy.
• This conclusion is a valid and logical summary of key information presented in the statement.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: This is incorrect because Conclusion 2 is logically flawed. The original statement implies that multiple measures are needed, so antivirus software 'alone' is not sufficient.
• Option B: This is incorrect because while Conclusion 1 is valid, Conclusion 2 is not. A conclusion that claims one tool is sufficient 'alone' contradicts a statement that lists multiple required tools.
• Option C: This is incorrect because Conclusion 1 is a perfectly logical deduction from the statement. It correctly summarizes the importance of software updates and user vigilance.

Related Visual

• Visual 1: Flowchart - A flowchart illustrating the 'Defense in Depth' cybersecurity model. It would show multiple layers of security (Firewall, Antivirus, Updates, User Education) that a threat must bypass, demonstrating why no single layer is sufficient.

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Logical Reasoning: Statement and Conclusion as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• This question tests logical deduction, a critical skill for nurses who must interpret patient data, follow multi-step protocols, and draw accurate conclusions to ensure patient safety.
• In a clinical setting, a nurse might see multiple signs and symptoms. Concluding that one sign 'alone' indicates a specific disease, without considering the full picture, is a common diagnostic error, similar to the flaw in Conclusion 2.
• What if? - If the statement had been 'The most effective way to prevent malware is using antivirus software,' Conclusion 2 would still be incorrect. 'Most effective' does not mean 'sufficient alone'; other measures could still be necessary.

How to Approach the Question

• First, carefully read and understand the initial statement. Break it down into its core components or facts. Here, the facts are the four methods of malware prevention.
• Next, evaluate each conclusion independently. Ask yourself: 'Based ONLY on the information in the statement, does this conclusion have to be true?'
• For Conclusion 1, notice that 'regular upgrades' and 'cautious online conduct' are directly supported by the statement's list of preventative measures.
• For Conclusion 2, focus on the absolute word 'alone'. The statement lists multiple methods, which implicitly argues against any single method being sufficient 'alone'. This is a contradiction.
• Finally, choose the option that reflects your evaluation. Since Conclusion 1 follows and Conclusion 2 does not, the correct choice is 'Only 1'.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Logical Reasoning: Statement and Conclusion
• Stem keywords: Malware infections, antivirus software, software upgrades, unsolicited emails
• Lead-in keywords: logically follows

Question ID

QZBG0-02QSpOwVnS1xdfLG

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