Phacoemulsification surgery done to treat-

Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, PB B.Sc Nursing Entrance-2022

Explanation

Phacoemulsification is the most common and modern surgical technique for removing cataracts.
The procedure involves using a high-frequency ultrasound device to break up, or emulsify, the cloudy lens into small pieces.
These fragments are then gently suctioned out of the eye through a small incision.
After the cataract is removed, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is typically implanted to restore clear vision.

Option B: Otitis media is an inflammation or infection of the middle ear, an entirely different anatomical location and system from the eye.
Option C: Glaucoma involves damage to the optic nerve, usually due to high intraocular pressure (IOP). Phacoemulsification removes the lens, which does not directly address the underlying cause of glaucoma.
Option D: Retinal detachment is a condition where the retina separates from the back of the eye. Phacoemulsification targets the lens at the front of the eye.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Surgical management of cataracts using phacoemulsification as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Post-operative nursing care is crucial for preventing complications. Nurses must educate patients on the correct technique for instilling prescribed antibiotic and steroid eye drops to prevent infection and control inflammation.
Patient teaching must emphasize avoiding activities that increase intraocular pressure (IOP), such as bending at the waist, lifting heavy objects (typically more than 6 kg), coughing, sneezing, and straining, for several weeks post-surgery.
Nurses must instruct patients to immediately report signs of complications, such as severe or worsening pain, sudden vision loss, seeing flashes of light or new floaters, or increased eye redness, as these could indicate infection, hemorrhage, or retinal detachment.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key term in the question: 'Phacoemulsification'.
Recall or deduce the meaning of this medical term. The prefix 'phaco-' (from the Greek 'phakos') refers to the lens of the eye. 'Emulsification' means to break down into small particles.
Therefore, the procedure involves breaking down the lens.
Next, evaluate the given options in the context of eye anatomy and pathology.
Cataract is a condition where the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy.
The other options (Otitis media, Glaucoma, Retinal detachment) affect different parts of the ear or eye.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 2 Part 1 pp. 99-101, 100-102, 104-106

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