Localised aneurysm with uniform dilation of an artery is:

Appeared in: PGICH Noida NO-2025

Explanation

A fusiform aneurysm is defined as a diffuse, circumferential dilation of a long vascular segment.
The key characteristic is that the entire circumference of the artery is involved, resulting in a symmetrical, spindle-shaped swelling.
This matches the question's description of a 'localised aneurysm with uniform dilation'.
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of fusiform aneurysms, particularly in the abdominal aorta.

Option A: A saccular aneurysm is an asymmetrical outpouching that involves only a portion of the vessel wall, not a uniform dilation of the entire circumference.
Option B: A pseudo-aneurysm, or false aneurysm, is not a true dilation of the vessel wall. It is a hematoma resulting from a leak that is contained by surrounding tissues.
Option C: A dissecting aneurysm involves a tear in the inner layer (intima) of the artery, allowing blood to enter and split the layers of the vessel wall. It is a separation of layers, not a uniform dilation.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Classification and Types of Aneurysms as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
The primary clinical concern with aneurysms, especially abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), is the risk of rupture, which is a life-threatening emergency causing massive hemorrhage.
Nurses play a crucial role in monitoring patients with known aneurysms by controlling blood pressure, assessing for signs of impending rupture (e.g., severe back or abdominal pain, pulsating abdominal mass), and providing post-operative care after repair.
The risk of rupture is directly related to the size of the aneurysm; for AAAs, surgical or endovascular repair is typically considered when the diameter exceeds 5 to 5.5 cm.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key descriptive phrase in the question stem: 'uniform dilation of an artery'.
Next, recall the definitions of the different types of aneurysms provided in the options.
Match the key phrase 'uniform dilation' to the correct definition. 'Fusiform' describes a spindle shape, which implies uniform, circumferential swelling.
Differentiate this from 'saccular' (sac-like, one-sided), 'pseudo' (false, a contained leak), and 'dissecting' (a tear and separation of wall layers).
Select the option that directly corresponds to a symmetrical, uniform dilation involving the entire circumference of the vessel.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 1 Part 3 p. 69-71

E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 509-511

E6 PATHOLOGY QUICK REVIEWBased on Harsh Mohan Textbook of PATHOLOGY p. 187-189

Practise the full PGICH Noida NO-2025

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.