KPSC Staff Nurse - 2021
Applied Psychology
Easy
Ivan Pavlov is associated with?
Appeared in: KPSC Staff Nurse - 2021
Explanation
- Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is the founder of the theory of classical conditioning.
- This theory explains learning as a process of association, where a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response.
- Pavlov's classic experiment demonstrated that dogs could be conditioned to salivate (a conditioned response) to the sound of a bell (a conditioned stimulus) after it was consistently paired with food (an unconditioned stimulus).
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Needs theory was developed by Abraham Maslow, not Ivan Pavlov. It focuses on a hierarchy of human motivations rather than learning through association.
- Option B: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the nervous system. They are a topic in neurobiology and are fundamental to how learning occurs physically in the brain, but they are not a psychological theory of learning developed by Pavlov.
- Option C: Operant conditioning is a different learning theory developed by B.F. Skinner. It focuses on how voluntary behavior is shaped by its consequences (reinforcement or punishment).
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Theories of Learning and Behavior as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Classical conditioning explains many learned physiological and emotional responses in patients. For example, a patient might feel anxious (conditioned response) simply upon entering a hospital (conditioned stimulus) because of past negative experiences.
- A common clinical example is anticipatory nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. The sights, sounds, and smells of the oncology clinic can become conditioned stimuli that trigger nausea even before the medication is administered.
- Nurses can use principles of counter-conditioning and systematic desensitization to help patients manage these learned anxieties and phobias.
How to Approach the Question
- This is a factual recall question that tests your knowledge of foundational psychological theories and their primary proponents.
- First, identify the key figure named in the question stem: 'Ivan Pavlov'.
- Next, review the options, which are all psychological concepts or theories.
- Access your memory about the major learning theories. Associate Ivan Pavlov with his famous experiment involving dogs, bells, and salivation.
- This experiment is the cornerstone of 'Classical conditioning'. Select this option.
- To confirm, mentally eliminate the other options by linking them to their correct context: Needs Theory (Maslow), Operant Conditioning (Skinner), and Neurotransmitters (a biological concept).
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Theories of Learning and Behavior
- Stem keywords: Ivan Pavlov, associated with
- Lead-in keywords: BEST, MOST RELEVANT CLUE
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
Q2b0uw_nntk4RTof41pvt-
Reference Book
E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e p. 149-151
E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 6e Sem1 p. 150-152
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 12649-12651
Practise the full KPSC Staff Nurse - 2021
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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