In the following question, two statements are followed by two conclusions labeled as I and II. Assume everything in the statements to be true even if they seem, to be at variance from the commonly known facts, and then decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) the statements disregarding the commonly known facts. Statements: All jackets are guns. No coat is a gun. Conclusions: I. No jacket is a coat. II. At Least some guns are jackets.

1. A

   Only Conclusion I follows

2. B

   Only Conclusion II follows

3. C

   Either Conclusion I or II follows

4. D

   Both Conclusion I and II follow

Appeared in: NHM MP Staff Nurse-2022

Explanation

• Conclusion I ('No jacket is a coat') is valid because all jackets belong to the 'guns' category, and the 'guns' category has no overlap with the 'coats' category.
• Conclusion II ('At least some guns are jackets') is a direct implication of the first statement ('All jackets are guns'). If every jacket is a gun, then it must be true that some guns are jackets.
• Since both conclusions are independently derived and confirmed by the statements, the correct answer is that both follow.

Why Other Options Were Wrong

• Option A: This option is incorrect because it dismisses Conclusion II, which is also a valid deduction from the statements.
• Option B: This option is incorrect because it dismisses Conclusion I, which is a valid deduction based on the provided statements.
• Option C: The term 'Either/Or' is used when one of the two conclusions must be true, but not both simultaneously. In this case, both conclusions are definitively and simultaneously true.

Related Visual

Clinical Relevance

• Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Syllogism and Logical Deduction as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
• While not a clinical question, logical reasoning is a foundational skill for nurses. It is essential for interpreting patient symptoms, understanding lab results, and making safe, evidence-based decisions.
• This skill helps in prioritizing nursing actions based on a logical assessment of a patient's condition, even with seemingly contradictory information.
• What if? - If the second statement was 'Some guns are coats', then Conclusion I ('No jacket is a coat') would no longer be definitively true. There would be a potential overlap where an item could be a jacket, a gun, and a coat simultaneously.

How to Approach the Question

• First, identify the question as a syllogism, which involves deducing conclusions from two or more statements.
• Translate the statements into a visual format. A Venn diagram is the most effective tool for this.
• Represent 'All jackets are guns' by drawing a 'Jackets' circle completely inside a larger 'Guns' circle.
• Represent 'No coat is a gun' by drawing a 'Coats' circle that is completely separate from the 'Guns' circle.
• Now, test each conclusion against your diagram. Observe the relationship between the 'Jackets' and 'Coats' circles to evaluate Conclusion I.
• Observe the relationship between the 'Guns' and 'Jackets' circles to evaluate Conclusion II.

Concept Tested & Keywords

• Concept Tested: Syllogism and Logical Deduction
• Stem keywords: Statements, Conclusions, All jackets are guns, No coat is a gun
• Lead-in keywords: logically follow(s)

Question ID

Qy_mj8LIjGrbujFj_KuLJ7

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