In the context of intelligence, what is the primary contribution of heredity?

HSSC Staff Nurse - 2015

Applied Psychology

Easy

Appeared in: HSSC Staff Nurse - 2015

Explanation

Heredity provides the genetic blueprint or 'raw material' for intelligence, establishing a potential range for development.
This concept is often explained by heritability, which is the proportion of variance in a trait (like IQ) within a population that can be attributed to genetic factors.
Think of it like a rubber band: heredity determines the maximum length the band can be stretched, but the environment determines how far it is actually stretched.
Research, including twin and adoption studies, confirms that while genetics play a significant role, the environment is crucial for realizing that potential.

Option A: Specific skills, such as playing an instrument or speaking a language, are acquired through learning, practice, and environmental exposure, not directly determined by genes.
Option B: Intellectual capacity is not fully developed at birth. It grows and changes throughout a person's life based on the continuous interaction between their genetic predispositions and environmental experiences.
Option D: The word 'solely' makes this statement incorrect. Emotional intelligence, like general intelligence, is a complex trait influenced by a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences, such as upbringing, social learning, and personal experiences.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain The role of heredity and environment in determining intelligence, a core concept in developmental psychology as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding the interplay of heredity and environment is crucial for nurses in patient education and health promotion.
It helps in counseling parents and caregivers, emphasizing that while genetic predispositions exist (e.g., for certain developmental disorders), a stimulating and supportive environment is vital for every child to reach their full potential.
This knowledge is also key in managing patients with genetic conditions that affect cognition (e.g., Down's syndrome), as it reinforces the importance of early intervention and enrichment programs.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concepts in the question: 'heredity' (genetics, nature) and 'intelligence'.
The question asks for the 'primary contribution' of heredity. This requires you to understand the relationship between nature and nurture.
Evaluate each option. Look for absolute terms like 'determines', 'fully developed', or 'solely'. These often indicate an incorrect option in complex biological and psychological topics.
Option A is too specific; genes don't code for 'learning piano'.
Option B is incorrect because development is a process, not a pre-packaged gift.
Option D uses 'solely', which is a red flag. Complex traits are rarely, if ever, caused by a single factor.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: The role of heredity and environment in determining intelligence, a core concept in developmental psychology.
Stem keywords: intelligence, heredity, primary contribution
Lead-in keywords: what is

QSrT7dMeV_gignBhmm0Orv

E6 Psychology Baron Misra 5e Part 2 p. 60-62

E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e p. 134-136