Hierarchy of needs is explained by?

Appeared in: IGNOU PB Bsc Nsg Entrance-2017

Explanation

The Hierarchy of Needs is a foundational theory in psychology developed by Abraham Maslow.
This theory posits that human actions are motivated by an innate desire to fulfill a series of needs, arranged in a hierarchical order.
The model is typically visualized as a five-tier pyramid, where basic physiological and safety needs must be met before higher-level needs like love, esteem, and self-actualization can be pursued.
Maslow's framework is widely used in nursing to prioritize patient care, addressing life-sustaining physiological needs first.

Option B: Ivan Pavlov is associated with the theory of Classical Conditioning, which is a learning theory, not a theory of motivation based on needs.
Option C: Jean Piaget developed the theory of Cognitive Development, which focuses on the stages of intellectual growth in children.
Option D: Carl Rogers is a key figure in humanistic psychology, known for developing Client-Centered Therapy and the concept of unconditional positive regard.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Nurses use Maslow's Hierarchy to prioritize patient care by addressing the most fundamental needs first. For example, ensuring a patient's airway is clear (a physiological need) takes precedence over addressing their anxiety (a safety or love/belonging need).
This framework helps in creating holistic care plans that consider the patient's physical, safety, social, and psychological well-being.
What if? If a patient with stable vital signs expresses feelings of loneliness and isolation, the nurse's priority shifts from physiological needs to the 'Love and Belonging' level. The intervention would then focus on facilitating family visits or social interaction.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core concept in the question, which is the 'Hierarchy of needs'.
This is a factual recall question that requires knowledge of major psychological theories.
Systematically review the names of the theorists provided in the options.
Associate Abraham Maslow with the Hierarchy of Needs theory.
Differentiate this from the theories of the other options: Pavlov (Classical Conditioning), Piaget (Cognitive Development), and Rogers (Client-Centered Therapy) to confirm the correct answer.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e pp. 210-212, 208-210

E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 6e Sem1 p. 211-213

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