Grafts exchanged between members of genetically unrelated animals of same species are called?

Appeared in: AIIMS Bhuvneshwar NO- 2018

Explanation

An allograft is a tissue or organ transplant between two genetically non-identical individuals of the same species.
This is the most common form of transplantation, involving donors and recipients who are not identical twins.
The question describes a scenario where grafts are exchanged between genetically unrelated animals of the same species, which perfectly fits the definition of an allograft.

Option A: A xenograft is a transplant between individuals of different species (e.g., a pig heart valve transplanted into a human). The question specifies the graft is within the same species.
Option C: Heterograft is another term for xenograft. It refers to a transplant between different species. The question specifies the graft is within the same species.
Option D: An isograft is a transplant between two genetically identical individuals, such as identical twins. The question specifies the individuals are genetically unrelated.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Types of Tissue Grafts as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Understanding graft types is crucial for nurses to anticipate the risk of immune rejection. Allografts carry a high risk of rejection, requiring lifelong immunosuppressive therapy.
Nurses must educate patients on the importance of strict adherence to their immunosuppressant medication regimen (e.g., tacrolimus, cyclosporine) to prevent graft rejection and monitor for side effects and signs of infection.
Key nursing assessments for a patient with an allograft include monitoring for signs of rejection, such as fever, tenderness over the graft site, and signs of organ dysfunction (e.g., decreased urine output and rising creatinine for a kidney transplant).

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key terms in the question: 'grafts', 'genetically unrelated', and 'same species'.
Break down the meaning of each term. 'Same species' rules out transplants from animals to humans. 'Genetically unrelated' rules out transplants from an identical twin or from oneself.
Systematically evaluate each option against these criteria.
Recall the definitions: Xenograft/Heterograft (different species), Isograft (identical genetics), and Allograft (same species, different genetics).
The term that matches 'same species' and 'genetically unrelated' is Allograft.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pathology-Textbook of PATHOLOGYHarsh Mohan Part 1 (1-214) p. 149-151

E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 241-243

Practise the full AIIMS Bhuvneshwar NO- 2018

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.