Grafts exchanged between members of genetically unrelated animals of same species are called?

Appeared in: AIIMS Bhuvneshwar NO- 2018

Explanation

An allograft, also known as a homograft, is a tissue or organ transplant from a donor to a recipient of the same species who is not genetically identical.
The question specifies a graft between 'genetically unrelated' members of the 'same species,' which is the precise definition of an allograft.
This is the most common type of transplantation, such as receiving a kidney from a deceased donor or a living, unrelated donor.

Option A: This refers to a graft between two different species (e.g., a pig heart valve transplanted into a human).
Option C: This is a synonym for xenograft, meaning a graft between different species.
Option D: This refers to a graft between genetically identical individuals, such as identical twins.

Visual 1: Diagram - An infographic illustrating the four types of grafts (Autograft, Isograft, Allograft, Xenograft) with clear diagrams showing the donor-recipient relationship for each.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Types of tissue transplantation grafts as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Allografts carry a high risk of immune rejection because the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign. This necessitates careful HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) matching before transplantation.
Patients with allografts require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., tacrolimus, cyclosporine, corticosteroids) to prevent rejection, which increases their risk for infections, kidney damage, and certain cancers.
Nurses play a vital role in monitoring for signs of graft rejection (e.g., fever, pain at the site, organ-specific dysfunction like decreased urine output in a kidney transplant) and educating patients on strict medication adherence.

How to Approach the Question

First, carefully read the question to identify the key descriptors of the graft.
Note the two critical phrases: 'genetically unrelated' and 'same species'.
Systematically evaluate each option against these two descriptors.
Recall the definition of each graft type: Isograft (genetically identical, same species), Allograft (genetically unrelated, same species), and Xenograft (different species).
Match the descriptors from the question to the correct definition. 'Genetically unrelated' and 'same species' directly corresponds to the definition of an allograft.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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