Uttarakhand CHO - 2021
Applied Psychology
Easy
'Behaviorism', the science of behavior, was propounded by whom?
Appeared in: Uttarakhand CHO - 2021
Explanation
- John B. Watson is credited with founding the school of Behaviorism, as stated in his 1924 publication 'Behaviorism'.
- He proposed that psychology should be the scientific study of observable behavior, rejecting introspection and the study of consciousness.
- Behaviorism posits that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment, a process called conditioning.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Sigmund Freud is the founder of Psychoanalysis, which focuses on the unconscious mind, inner conflicts, and psychosexual development, a stark contrast to the observable-only focus of behaviorism.
- Option B: Erik Erikson developed the theory of psychosocial development, which outlines eight stages of personality development from infancy to adulthood. His focus was on social and emotional growth, not on stimulus-response learning.
- Option D: Ivan Pavlov was a physiologist whose research on classical conditioning (e.g., dogs salivating) provided a foundational mechanism for behaviorism. However, Watson was the one who formalized and championed behaviorism as a distinct school of psychology.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Founders of major psychological theories as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Behavioral principles are the foundation for many nursing interventions, such as behavior modification plans for patients with challenging behaviors and patient education strategies that reinforce learning.
- Techniques like systematic desensitization, derived from behaviorism, are used by nurses to help patients manage anxiety and phobias related to medical procedures (e.g., fear of needles).
- What if? If a patient refuses to participate in physical therapy after surgery, a nurse using behavioral principles might first identify the reason for refusal (e.g., fear of pain) and then use positive reinforcement (praise, family visit) for small steps of progress, rather than focusing on the patient's internal feelings of motivation.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key term in the question: 'Behaviorism'.
- This is a factual recall question that requires knowledge of the major schools of psychology and their founders.
- Mentally review the main contributions of each theorist listed in the options.
- Associate Sigmund Freud with psychoanalysis (unconscious mind).
- Associate Erik Erikson with psychosocial stages (lifespan development).
- Differentiate between Ivan Pavlov (discovered classical conditioning) and JB Watson (founded the school of Behaviorism based on conditioning principles).
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Founders of major psychological theories
- Stem keywords: Behaviorism, science of behavior, propounded
- Lead-in keywords: whom
Question ID
QuIwe7OCQgYVNDYjgs1TNk
Reference Book
E6 Robert Boland, Marcia L. Verduin - Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Text of Psychiatry-Wolters Kluwer Health (2024) (pp 1-16525 of 16525) p. 3165-3167
E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 6e Sem1 p. 19-21
E6 Psychology Applied Sreevani 5e p. 18-20
Practise the full Uttarakhand CHO - 2021
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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