BHU NO - 2015
Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Easy
All of the following can be used to determine a chromosome analysis of the fetus, except?
Appeared in: BHU NO - 2015
Explanation
- Fetal umbilical Doppler velocimetry is the correct answer because it is a non-invasive ultrasound technique used to measure blood flow in the umbilical vessels.
- This procedure assesses placental resistance and fetal well-being but does not involve collecting any fetal cells or tissue.
- Since chromosome analysis (karyotyping) requires a sample of fetal cells to analyze the genetic material, Doppler velocimetry cannot be used for this purpose.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: Amniocentesis is an invasive procedure where a sample of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal cells, is collected. These cells are then cultured and used for chromosome analysis.
- Option B: Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is an invasive test where a tissue sample is taken from the placenta (chorionic villi). This tissue is of fetal origin and is used for chromosome analysis.
- Option C: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), or cordocentesis, is an invasive procedure that involves collecting a sample of fetal blood directly from the umbilical cord. The fetal blood cells are used for rapid chromosome analysis.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques for Chromosome Analysis as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about the purpose, risks, and benefits of different prenatal tests, ensuring informed consent.
- Understanding the distinction between screening (like Doppler) and diagnostic tests (like amniocentesis) is crucial for patient counseling and managing expectations.
- What if? If a non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) from maternal blood shows a high risk for a chromosomal abnormality, the next step would be to offer a diagnostic invasive test like amniocentesis or CVS to confirm the diagnosis. Doppler velocimetry would not be the appropriate follow-up test for confirmation.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the core of the question: it's asking about methods for 'chromosome analysis' of a fetus.
- Next, notice the keyword 'except'. This means you are looking for the option that does NOT fit the purpose of chromosome analysis.
- Think about what is required for chromosome analysis: a sample of the fetus's genetic material (cells).
- Evaluate each option: Does this procedure provide fetal cells? Amniocentesis (yes, from amniotic fluid), CVS (yes, from placenta), PUBS (yes, from fetal blood).
- Evaluate the final option: Fetal umbilical Doppler velocimetry. Recall or deduce that 'Doppler' relates to sound waves and blood flow measurement, and 'velocimetry' means measuring velocity. This is an imaging/functional test, not a sample collection method.
- Conclude that Doppler velocimetry is the exception because it does not provide the necessary fetal cells for analysis.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques for Chromosome Analysis
- Stem keywords: chromosome analysis, fetus
- Lead-in keywords: except
- Negative lead-in flag: The question uses the word 'except', asking you to identify the option that is NOT a method for fetal chromosome analysis.
Question ID
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Reference Book
E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 1701-1703
E6 Pathology-Vandana Puri & Kavita Gaur Textbook of Pathology and Genetics pp. 531-533, 532-534
Practise the full BHU NO - 2015
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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