A child represents a feature of autistic disease?

PGIMER NO - 2020

Child Health Nursing (Pediatrics)

Easy

Appeared in: PGIMER NO - 2020

Explanation

The defining characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a persistent deficit in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.
This core deficit manifests as problems with social-emotional reciprocity, such as not responding to one's name or failing to share interests.
It also includes deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, like poor eye contact and difficulty understanding gestures.
Difficulties in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships with peers are also a central part of this diagnostic criterion.

Option B: A hallmark of ASD is often a lack of imaginative or fantasy play. Play tends to be repetitive and stereotyped (e.g., lining up toys) rather than creative.
Option C: This phrase misinterprets the social withdrawal seen in ASD. The child seems to be in their 'own world' due to an inability to engage with others, not because they have constructed an alternative reality.
Option D: Unresponsiveness is a symptom or a specific manifestation of the broader core deficit. The fundamental problem is the impaired social interaction, of which being unresponsive is one example.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Use the key finding related to Core diagnostic features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to guide bedside assessment, documentation, and the next nursing action.
Nurses play a crucial role in early screening for ASD, often using tools like the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) during well-child visits.
Early identification and referral for intensive behavioral and educational interventions are critical for improving long-term outcomes for children with ASD.
Nursing care involves providing support and education to families, helping them navigate the diagnosis, access resources, and manage challenging behaviors.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core subject of the question, which is 'autistic disease' (Autism Spectrum Disorder).
The question asks for a 'feature,' implying you should look for a defining or core characteristic.
Analyze the options to see which one represents the most fundamental and universally accepted diagnostic criterion for ASD.
Recognize that 'Lack of social interaction' is a broad, core domain of impairment in ASD.
Evaluate the other options: 'Live in fantasy' is contrary to the typical presentation. 'Live in unreal world' is a misinterpretation. 'Unresponsive' is a specific symptom that falls under the broader category of impaired social interaction.
Conclude that the most accurate and comprehensive answer is the one describing the core social deficit.

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Core diagnostic features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Stem keywords: child, feature, autistic disease
Lead-in keywords: represents a feature
Clinical cues: Age/sex group narrows the expected diagnosis, intervention, or normal reference range.

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E6 Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics(2024) — Volume 1 p. 420-422

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E6 Psychology Morgan King 9e Part 2 p. 230-232