SJH Nursing Officer - 2019
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
Which statement about glaucoma is true and accurate?
Appeared in: SJH Nursing Officer - 2019
Explanation
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is a medical emergency because the drainage angle for aqueous humor becomes suddenly blocked.
- This blockage causes a rapid, severe increase in intraocular pressure (IOP).
- The high pressure can quickly damage the optic nerve, leading to irreversible vision loss if not treated promptly.
- Symptoms are abrupt and severe, including intense eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: This statement incorrectly attributes the symptoms of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) to Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (AACG).
- Option C: This statement incorrectly attributes the symptoms of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma (AACG) to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG).
- Option D: This describes a treatment for a different ophthalmologic condition.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of glaucoma as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- A nurse must be able to recognize the signs of acute angle-closure glaucoma (severe eye pain, nausea, halos) as an emergency requiring immediate ophthalmologic referral to prevent permanent blindness.
- Patient education for those with chronic open-angle glaucoma is critical, focusing on lifelong adherence to eye drop medication to control IOP and prevent progression of vision loss.
- What if? If a patient with a known diagnosis of narrow angles reports taking an over-the-counter cold medication containing a decongestant, the nurse should be aware that these medications can cause pupillary dilation and trigger an acute angle-closure attack. The patient should be advised to avoid such medications and seek medical advice.
How to Approach the Question
- First, read the question carefully to understand that you are looking for a single 'true and accurate' statement about glaucoma.
- Evaluate each option based on your knowledge of the two main types of glaucoma: primary open-angle (POAG) and acute angle-closure (AACG).
- For Option A, recall that AACG involves a sudden blockage and rapid pressure rise, which defines a medical emergency. This is likely correct.
- For Option B, recognize that peripheral vision loss ('tunnel vision') is the classic sign of chronic POAG, not acute AACG.
- For Option C, identify that severe pain, nausea, and halos are the classic signs of AACG, not the typically asymptomatic POAG.
- For Option D, recall that gas bubbles are associated with retinal detachment repair, a different pathology. This is incorrect.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of glaucoma
- Stem keywords: glaucoma, acute angle-closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma
- Lead-in keywords: true and accurate
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QAtsAy7p3peNvTHTjBy4pc
Reference Book
E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 2 Part 1 p. 96-98
E6 Pathology- ROBBINS & COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE 10TH Ed p. 1312-1314
Practise the full SJH Nursing Officer - 2019
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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