Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched?

Appeared in: UPPSC 2022

Explanation

The pair 'Neural tube defect – Pyridoxin' is incorrectly matched.
Neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida and anencephaly, are birth defects of the brain and spinal cord.
The primary cause of NTDs is a deficiency of Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) during early pregnancy, as it is essential for the closure of the neural tube.
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency is associated with conditions like peripheral neuropathy, anemia, and seborrheic dermatitis, but not NTDs.

Option A: This option is incorrect because the pair is correctly matched. Beriberi is the classic disease caused by Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency.
Option B: This option is incorrect because the pair is correctly matched. Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3).
Option C: This option is incorrect because the pair is correctly matched. Scurvy is the disease that results from a deficiency of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C).

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Vitamin Deficiencies and Associated Diseases as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
A key nursing role is patient education, especially for women of childbearing age, regarding the importance of folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects.
Nurses should assess patients for signs of vitamin deficiencies, particularly in at-risk populations such as individuals with alcoholism, malabsorption syndromes, or restrictive diets.
What if the question asked for the vitamin deficiency causing peripheral neuropathy? In that case, Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) or Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency would be a correct answer, as both can lead to neurological symptoms.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the core task of the question. The prompt asks to find the pair that is 'NOT correctly matched', which means three options will be correct facts and one will be incorrect.
Systematically evaluate each option (A, B, C, and D) by recalling or verifying the link between the disease and the specified vitamin.
For Option A: Recall if Beriberi is caused by Thiamine deficiency. (Yes)
For Option B: Recall if Pellagra is caused by Niacin deficiency. (Yes)
For Option C: Recall if Scurvy is caused by Ascorbic acid deficiency. (Yes)
For Option D: Recall if Neural tube defects are caused by Pyridoxine deficiency. (No, they are caused by Folic Acid deficiency).

Concept Tested & Keywords

Concept Tested: Vitamin Deficiencies and Associated Diseases
Stem keywords: Beriberi, Thiamine, Pellagra, Niacin, Scurvy, Ascorbic acid, Neural tube defect, Pyridoxin
Lead-in keywords: NOT correctly matched
Negative lead-in flag: The question asks for the option that is NOT correctly matched.

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E6 Medicine Davidson Principles Practice 24e pp. 734-736, 735-737

E6 Medicine Harrison 22e Part 2 p. 509-511

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