RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2015
Nursing Research & Statistics
Medium
Which of the following test is done to find out the difference between the demographic variables of the groups?
Appeared in: RUHS, Jaipur, M.Sc Nursing Entrance Exam-2015
Explanation
- Demographic variables, such as gender, ethnicity, and education level, are classified as categorical (or nominal) data.
- The Chi-square test is a non-parametric statistical test specifically designed to analyze categorical data.
- It is used to determine if there is a statistically significant association between two categorical variables by comparing the observed frequencies in each category to the expected frequencies.
- Therefore, it is the appropriate test to see if the distribution of a demographic characteristic differs across various groups.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: The T-test is used to compare the means of continuous (numerical) data between exactly two groups.
- Option B: The Z-test is also used to compare the means of continuous data between two groups, but it is typically applied when the sample size is large (usually greater than 30) and the population variance is known.
- Option C: ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is used to compare the means of continuous data across three or more groups.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Application of inferential statistical tests based on data type as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- In nursing research, particularly in experimental studies, the Chi-square test is essential for analyzing the baseline characteristics of the sample. Researchers use it to confirm that the control and intervention groups are comparable in terms of demographics before the study begins.
- Ensuring baseline comparability is crucial for a study's internal validity. If the groups are similar, the researcher can be more confident that any differences found after the intervention are due to the intervention itself and not to pre-existing group differences.
- What if? If the research question was to compare the 'average length of hospital stay' (a number) between patients from urban, suburban, and rural areas (3 groups), the correct test would be ANOVA, because the data is continuous and there are more than two groups.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the type of data mentioned in the question. 'Demographic variables' like gender, race, or marital status are categorical.
- Next, understand the purpose of the test: to find a 'difference' between 'groups'.
- Review the function of each option. Recall that T-tests, Z-tests, and ANOVA are used for comparing means of continuous (numerical) data.
- Recognize that the Chi-square test is specifically designed for analyzing categorical data to check for differences in frequencies or proportions between groups.
- Conclude that since the data is categorical, the Chi-square test is the only appropriate choice among the options.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Application of inferential statistical tests based on data type
- Stem keywords: demographic variables, difference, groups, test
- Lead-in keywords: Which
Question ID
Qiyd27Szzao40X_viu1kDx
Reference Book
E6 NursingResearch Suresh Sharma 5e Part 2 pp. 176-178, 174-176
E6 NursingResearch Polit 11e Part 1 p. 410-412
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