Which of the following involves the introduction of antibodies into the body from an animal or person already immune to the disease?

Appeared in: AIIMS Patna NO - 2020

Explanation

Artificially acquired passive immunity involves receiving pre-made antibodies from an external source, rather than the body producing them.
These antibodies are harvested from a person or animal who is already immune to the specific disease.
This method provides immediate, though short-term, protection because the recipient's immune system is not stimulated to create its own memory cells.
Examples include receiving immunoglobulins for rabies or antivenom for a snakebite.

Option A: Active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies in response to an antigen, either through natural infection or vaccination. It does not involve receiving antibodies from an external source.
Option C: Naturally acquired passive immunity is a specific type of passive immunity where antibodies are transferred only from a mother to her child, either across the placenta or through breast milk.
Option D: Innate immunity is the body's non-specific, first line of defense that is present from birth. It does not involve antibodies and is not acquired.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: Knowing Types of Acquired Immunity helps nurses interpret findings accurately and avoid errors in routine assessment, medication administration, and patient teaching.
Understanding the types of immunity is fundamental for nurses, especially in vaccination clinics, emergency departments, and community health settings.
Passive immunization is a life-saving intervention for post-exposure prophylaxis to diseases like rabies, tetanus, and hepatitis B.
It is also used for individuals who are immunocompromised and cannot mount an effective immune response on their own.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the key phrases in the question: 'introduction of antibodies' and 'from an animal or person'.
'Introduction of antibodies' signals passive immunity, where the body receives antibodies instead of making them. This eliminates 'Active immunity' and 'Innate immunity'.
Next, differentiate between the two types of passive immunity. 'Naturally acquired' refers to the transfer from mother to child.
The phrase 'from an animal or person' points to an external, deliberate administration, which defines 'Artificially acquired' immunity.
Therefore, 'Artificially acquired passive immunity' is the only option that fits all parts of the question.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pharmacology Nursing Lilley 11e Part 3 pp. 148-150, 147-149

E6 Physiology Essentials Sembulingam 10e Part 1 p. 126-128

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