NORCET 3 - 2022 (Shift-1)
Child Health Nursing (Pediatrics)
Easy
What is the Rate of chest compression and ventilation in children?
Appeared in: NORCET 3 - 2022 (Shift-1)
Explanation
- The recommended rate for chest compressions in children is 100-120 per minute, according to current AHA guidelines.
- The option of 100 compressions per minute falls squarely within this recommended range.
- A ventilation rate of 20 per minute is a plausible target, especially in older protocols or when an advanced airway is in place (where the rate is 20-30 breaths/min).
- This option represents the most clinically accurate compression rate for a child among the choices provided.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: A rate of 60 compressions per minute is too slow and does not meet the minimum recommended rate of 100 per minute for effective circulation.
- Option B: This rate (90 compressions and 30 ventilations per minute) is the standard for newborn resuscitation (3:1 ratio), not for children. The question specifically asks about children.
- Option C: A compression rate of 90 per minute is below the recommended 100-120/min for children, and a ventilation rate of 50 is excessively high and would cause gastric insufflation and reduced cardiac output.
Related Visual
- Visual 1: Chart: Comparison of CPR Ratios - A visual table showing the compression-to-ventilation ratios for adults, children, infants, and newborns, highlighting the differences for single vs. two-rescuer scenarios.
- Visual 2: Infographic: Key Components of High-Quality Pediatric CPR - An infographic detailing the five critical components: correct rate (100-120/min), depth (1/3 AP diameter), full chest recoil, minimizing interruptions, and avoiding excessive ventilation.
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Ratios as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Nurses must be proficient in the current AHA guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) and Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS), as pediatric arrests are often due to respiratory failure and are reversible with prompt, high-quality CPR.
- It is critical to differentiate between PALS guidelines for infants/children and Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines for newborns, as the algorithms and ratios (15:2 vs. 3:1) are different.
- What if? If the question specified a two-rescuer scenario for a child, the compression-to-ventilation ratio would be 15:2, but the overall compression rate per minute should still target 100-120.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the key terms in the question: 'Rate', 'chest compression', 'ventilation', and 'children'.
- Recall the standard CPR guidelines. The recommended compression rate for children is 100-120 per minute.
- Evaluate each option based on this knowledge. Options with compression rates below 100 (like 60 or 90) are likely incorrect for a child.
- Differentiate between guidelines for a 'child' and a 'newborn'. Recognize that 90 compressions and 30 breaths is the specific rate for newborns (3:1 ratio).
- Select the option that best aligns with the established guidelines for children. In this case, the option with 100 compressions is the most appropriate choice.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Ratios
- Stem keywords: Rate, chest compression, ventilation, children
- Lead-in keywords: What is
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
QMDt9_DHEnF8Gf3MN9ix-8
Practise the full NORCET 3 - 2022 (Shift-1)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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