AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Medical & Surgical Nursing
Easy
What is the emergency treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest?
Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Explanation
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is the immediate, foundational emergency procedure for a patient in cardiac arrest, characterized by the absence of pulse and respiration.
- CPR involves manual external chest compressions and artificial respiration to circulate oxygenated blood to the brain and heart, preserving organ function until advanced care can be provided.
- The American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines emphasize the C-A-B (Compressions, Airway, Breathing) sequence, prioritizing high-quality chest compressions to maintain perfusion.
- Early initiation of CPR is a critical determinant of survival and neurological outcome following cardiac arrest.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option B: A permanent pacemaker is a surgically implanted device for long-term management of chronic bradyarrhythmias or heart block. It is not an emergency intervention for cardiac arrest.
- Option C: Cardioversion is a synchronized electrical shock used for unstable tachyarrhythmias (like atrial fibrillation or SVT) in patients who have a pulse. In cardiac arrest, the patient is pulseless.
- Option D: A temporary pacemaker is used to treat symptomatic bradycardia that is unresponsive to medications. It is not the first-line intervention for a pulseless cardiac arrest.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: Prioritize focused assessment, early escalation, and real-time monitoring when managing Emergency Management of Cardiopulmonary Arrest in acute care settings.
- Immediate initiation of high-quality CPR is the most critical factor in improving survival rates from cardiac arrest. Every minute of delay reduces the chance of survival significantly.
- Nurses must be proficient in BLS, be able to recognize cardiac arrest, and immediately start the chain of survival: activating the emergency response system and beginning chest compressions.
- A key nursing role during a 'code blue' is to ensure CPR interruptions are minimized (e.g., for rhythm checks or defibrillation) and to facilitate the roles of the resuscitation team.
How to Approach the Question
- First, identify the keywords in the question: "emergency treatment" and "cardiopulmonary arrest."
- Define cardiopulmonary arrest: a state of no breathing and no pulse, requiring immediate intervention to prevent death.
- Evaluate each option based on this definition. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the direct intervention designed to artificially provide circulation and breathing.
- Analyze the other options. Pacemakers (both temporary and permanent) are primarily for treating slow heart rates (bradycardia). Cardioversion is for treating fast heart rates (tachycardia) in patients who still have a pulse.
- Conclude that since a patient in cardiac arrest is pulseless, treatments for bradycardia or tachycardia-with-a-pulse are incorrect, leaving CPR as the only appropriate initial emergency action.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Emergency Management of Cardiopulmonary Arrest
- Stem keywords: emergency treatment, cardiopulmonary arrest
- Lead-in keywords: What is
- Clinical cues: The care setting changes urgency, monitoring level, and the expected nursing action.
- Negative lead-in flag: false
Question ID
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Reference Book
E6 Nursing Fundamentals Potter Perry 12e Part 5 p. 7-9
E6 Nursing Brunner Adult Health 3SA Vol 1 Part 3 p. 45-47
Practise the full AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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