What is oxytocin useful for?

Appeared in: Haryana CHO - 2022

Explanation

Oxytocin is a hormone that stimulates the smooth muscle of the uterus, causing it to contract.
This action is fundamental to childbirth, making oxytocin the drug of choice for initiating (inducing) labor when it does not start naturally.
It is also used to strengthen (augment) labor when uterine contractions are weak or inadequate to progress cervical dilation.
The dose is carefully titrated via IV infusion to achieve an effective contraction pattern while ensuring fetal and maternal safety.

Option B: Hyperprolactinemia is a condition of excessive prolactin, which is managed by inhibiting its release from the pituitary gland.
Option C: Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) is related to the menstrual cycle and is not treated with uterine stimulants like oxytocin.
Option D: Oxytocin does not stimulate ovulation or address the common causes of infertility.

Clinical Relevance

Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Pharmacological indications of oxytocin as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
Oxytocin is classified as a high-alert medication due to the significant risk of harm if used improperly. Errors in dosing can lead to uterine rupture, fetal distress, or maternal water intoxication.
Continuous electronic fetal monitoring and uterine activity monitoring are mandatory during oxytocin infusion for labor induction to allow for immediate intervention if complications arise.
What if? If a patient receiving oxytocin develops uterine tachysystole (more than 5 contractions in 10 minutes) with a non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern, the nurse's first action is to immediately stop the oxytocin infusion. Subsequent actions include repositioning the mother, administering oxygen, and notifying the healthcare provider.

How to Approach the Question

First, identify the keyword in the question, which is 'oxytocin'.
Recall the primary physiological role and pharmacological uses of oxytocin. Its main function relates to childbirth and lactation.
Evaluate each option based on this knowledge. 'Induction of labour' is a direct and primary use of oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions.
Consider the other options. Hyperprolactinemia, menorrhagia, and infertility are distinct gynecological or endocrine issues with different treatment protocols that do not involve oxytocin.
Select the option that directly aligns with the most well-known and primary indication for oxytocin administration.

Concept Tested & Keywords

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E6 Pharmacology Nurses Shanbhag 3e p. 241-243

E6 Pharmacology KD Tripathi Essentials 9e Part 2 pp. 3-5, 4-6

Practise the full Haryana CHO - 2022

Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.