AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Applied Microbiology & Infection control
Easy
Vaccine against tuberculosis?
Appeared in: AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Explanation
- BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, which is the vaccine used for protection against tuberculosis (TB).
- It is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the bacterium.
- The primary purpose of the BCG vaccine is to protect infants and young children from severe, disseminated forms of TB, such as tuberculous meningitis and miliary TB.
- As per the National Immunization Schedule in India, it is administered intradermally on the left upper arm, ideally at birth.
Why Other Options Were Wrong
- Option A: DPT is a combination vaccine that protects against Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and Tetanus, not tuberculosis.
- Option B: OPV stands for Oral Polio Vaccine, which is used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio), a viral disease, not tuberculosis.
- Option C: DOT, or Directly Observed Treatment, is a strategy to ensure patient adherence to a prescribed course of anti-tubercular drugs. It is a method of treatment management, not a vaccine for prevention.
Related Visual
Clinical Relevance
- Nursing practice connection: This is primarily an exam-oriented knowledge point with limited direct bedside application, so retain Immunization against Tuberculosis as background academic context rather than a clinical decision trigger.
- Nurses are responsible for administering the BCG vaccine correctly via the intradermal route, which requires specific technique to raise a wheal. They must also educate parents about the expected local reaction (papule -> ulcer -> scar), as the presence of the scar is often used as a marker for vaccination.
- Understanding the difference between a vaccine (BCG for prevention) and a treatment strategy (DOTS for cure) is fundamental for effective patient education and public health communication regarding tuberculosis.
- What if? If a newborn is born to an HIV-positive mother or has a known or suspected severe immunodeficiency, the BCG vaccine is contraindicated. This is because it is a live vaccine and can cause a disseminated, life-threatening infection in an immunocompromised child.
How to Approach the Question
- This is a factual recall question based on common medical abbreviations used in immunization.
- First, identify the keywords in the question: 'Vaccine' and 'tuberculosis'.
- Next, evaluate each option by recalling or deducing the full form of the acronym.
- DPT is for Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus. OPV is for Polio. DOT is a treatment strategy.
- BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is the specific vaccine developed for tuberculosis.
- By eliminating the incorrect options, you can confidently select BCG as the correct answer.
Concept Tested & Keywords
- Concept Tested: Immunization against Tuberculosis
- Stem keywords: Vaccine, tuberculosis
- Lead-in keywords: BEST, MOST RELEVANT CLUE
Question ID
Q58gADDSIhxYP5iVHXoeGD
Reference Book
E6 Comprehensive Textbook of Community Health Nursing for BSc Nursing Students Part 2 — Subpart A (pp 1-275 of 550) p. 93-95
E6 Ghai Essential Pediatrics(pp 26-904 of 913) p. 192-194
E6 Parks TextBook of Preventive & Social Medicine part 1 — Subpart A (pp 26-201 of 604) p. 165-167
Practise the full AIIMS Raipur NO - 2019 (Shift-2)
Attempt every question from this paper in a timed mock, then review the full solution for each one.
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